{
  "data": {
    "id": "org_swiss-re-institute",
    "slug": "swiss-re-institute",
    "name": "Swiss Re Institute",
    "short_name": "Swiss Re",
    "type": "company",
    "tier": 2,
    "homepage": "https://www.swissre.com",
    "country_code": "CH",
    "reliability_note": null,
    "url": "https://statorigin.org/sources/swiss-re-institute",
    "documents": [
      {
        "title": "sigma 4/2024: Social inflation: litigation costs drive claims inflation",
        "url": "https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-04-social-inflation.html",
        "doc_type": "press_release",
        "published_date": null,
        "accessed_at": "2026-09-15",
        "license": "see-source",
        "url_status": "ok",
        "statistic_count": 1
      },
      {
        "title": "sigma 3/2024: World insurance: strengthening global resilience with a new lease of life",
        "url": "https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-03-world-insurance-global-resilience.html",
        "doc_type": "press_release",
        "published_date": null,
        "accessed_at": "2026-09-15",
        "license": "see-source",
        "url_status": "ok",
        "statistic_count": 17
      },
      {
        "title": "sigma 1/2024: Natural catastrophes in 2023",
        "url": "https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-01.html",
        "doc_type": "press_release",
        "published_date": null,
        "accessed_at": "2026-09-15",
        "license": "see-source",
        "url_status": "ok",
        "statistic_count": 5
      },
      {
        "title": "Nat Cat sigma 1/2026",
        "url": "https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2026-01-natcat-2025-wildfire-storm-risk.html",
        "doc_type": "press_release",
        "published_date": null,
        "accessed_at": "2026-09-15",
        "license": "see-source",
        "url_status": "ok",
        "statistic_count": 1
      },
      {
        "title": "sigma 2/2024: Life insurance in the higher interest rate era",
        "url": "https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-02-life-annuity-insurance.html",
        "doc_type": "press_release",
        "published_date": null,
        "accessed_at": "2026-09-15",
        "license": "see-source",
        "url_status": "ok",
        "statistic_count": 8
      },
      {
        "title": "sigma 1/2025: Natural catastrophes: insured losses on trend to USD 145 billion in 2025",
        "url": "https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2025-01-natural-catastrophes-trend.html",
        "doc_type": "press_release",
        "published_date": null,
        "accessed_at": "2026-09-15",
        "license": "see-source",
        "url_status": "ok",
        "statistic_count": 7
      },
      {
        "title": "sigma 5/2024: Global economic and insurance market outlook 2025-26",
        "url": "https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-05-global-economic-insurance-outlook-growth-geopolitics.html",
        "doc_type": "press_release",
        "published_date": null,
        "accessed_at": "2026-09-15",
        "license": "see-source",
        "url_status": "ok",
        "statistic_count": 13
      },
      {
        "title": "sigma 5/2025: Shifting sands: global economic and insurance market outlook",
        "url": "https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2025-05-global-economic-insurance-outlook-shifting-sands.html",
        "doc_type": "press_release",
        "published_date": null,
        "accessed_at": "2026-09-15",
        "license": "see-source",
        "url_status": "ok",
        "statistic_count": 4
      },
      {
        "title": "sigma Resilience Index 2024: Encouraging resilience gains, but more is needed",
        "url": "https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/natural-catastrophe-insurance-global-resilience-index-2024.html",
        "doc_type": "press_release",
        "published_date": null,
        "accessed_at": "2026-09-15",
        "license": "see-source",
        "url_status": "ok",
        "statistic_count": 21
      },
      {
        "title": "World Insurance in 2026: shock absorbers in a fragmenting world",
        "url": "https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2026-07-world-insurance.html",
        "doc_type": "press_release",
        "published_date": null,
        "accessed_at": "2026-09-15",
        "license": "see-source",
        "url_status": "ok",
        "statistic_count": 2
      },
      {
        "title": "sigma 2/2025: World insurance in 2025: a riskier, more fragmented world order",
        "url": "https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2025-02-world-insurance-riskier-fragmented-world.html",
        "doc_type": "press_release",
        "published_date": null,
        "accessed_at": "2026-09-15",
        "license": "see-source",
        "url_status": "ok",
        "statistic_count": 3
      }
    ],
    "statistics": [
      {
        "id": "stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q63Y",
        "url": "https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q63Y",
        "indicator": {
          "slug": "agricultural-insurance-premium-growth",
          "name": "Agricultural insurance premium growth",
          "definition": "Annual growth rate of agricultural insurance gross premiums written."
        },
        "industry": [
          {
            "slug": "insurance",
            "name": "Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security",
            "isic": "K65",
            "is_primary": true
          }
        ],
        "region": {
          "code": "CN",
          "name": "China",
          "type": "country"
        },
        "period": {
          "start": "2024-01-01",
          "end": "2024-12-31",
          "type": "year"
        },
        "value": 20,
        "value_text": "~ 20%",
        "unit": "percent",
        "currency": null,
        "scale": "1",
        "value_type": "forecast",
        "source": {
          "org": "Swiss Re Institute",
          "org_short_name": "Swiss Re",
          "org_url": "https://www.swissre.com",
          "org_tier": 2,
          "document_title": "sigma Resilience Index 2024: Encouraging resilience gains, but more is needed",
          "document_url": "https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/natural-catastrophe-insurance-global-resilience-index-2024.html",
          "document_type": "press_release",
          "locator": "Insurance resilience",
          "quote": "We expect a renewed increase in the crop insurance resilience index in 2024, driven by strong expected agroinsurance premium growth in China (~ 20%) and ongoing impacts from the recently-reformed public agroinsurance programme in India.",
          "published_date": null,
          "accessed_at": "2026-09-15",
          "license": "see-source",
          "url_status": "ok"
        },
        "verification": "verified",
        "verified_by": "seed:auto-extract-v1",
        "verified_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z",
        "confidence": 0.9,
        "is_secondhand": false,
        "supersedes": null,
        "superseded_by": null,
        "is_current": true,
        "citation": {
          "apa": "Swiss Re Institute. (2024). sigma Resilience Index 2024: Encouraging resilience gains, but more is needed. Retrieved September 15, 2026, from https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/natural-catastrophe-insurance-global-resilience-index-2024.html. Via StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q63Y",
          "bibtex": "@misc{swissre2024agriculturalw6q63y,\n  author       = {{Swiss Re Institute}},\n  title        = {sigma Resilience Index 2024: Encouraging resilience gains, but more is needed},\n  year         = {2024},\n  howpublished = {StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org},\n  url          = {https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q63Y},\n  note         = {Original source: https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/natural-catastrophe-insurance-global-resilience-index-2024.html. Accessed September 15, 2026.}\n}"
        },
        "updated_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z"
      },
      {
        "id": "stat_01M2KJ7XC8QWZRT4Z8E3V71M3G",
        "url": "https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC8QWZRT4Z8E3V71M3G",
        "indicator": {
          "slug": "bulk-annuity-transfers",
          "name": "Bulk annuity transfers",
          "definition": "Value of group bulk annuity transactions that transfer pension obligations to insurers."
        },
        "industry": [
          {
            "slug": "insurance",
            "name": "Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security",
            "isic": "K65",
            "is_primary": true
          }
        ],
        "region": {
          "code": "GB",
          "name": "United Kingdom",
          "type": "country"
        },
        "period": {
          "start": "2025-01-01",
          "end": "2027-12-31",
          "type": "year"
        },
        "value": 300,
        "value_text": "over USD 300 billion",
        "unit": "USD",
        "currency": "USD",
        "scale": "billion",
        "value_type": "forecast",
        "source": {
          "org": "Swiss Re Institute",
          "org_short_name": "Swiss Re",
          "org_url": "https://www.swissre.com",
          "org_tier": 2,
          "document_title": "sigma 5/2024: Global economic and insurance market outlook 2025-26",
          "document_url": "https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-05-global-economic-insurance-outlook-growth-geopolitics.html",
          "document_type": "press_release",
          "locator": "Figure 5: Evolution of life insurance saving and risk premiums in volume (USD bn), left axis, and real growth (%), right axis",
          "quote": "Pension de-risking offers another long-term tailwind for the life insurance industry, with potentially over USD 300 billion of bulk annuity transfers in the UK and US in the next three years.",
          "published_date": null,
          "accessed_at": "2026-09-15",
          "license": "see-source",
          "url_status": "ok"
        },
        "verification": "verified",
        "verified_by": "seed:auto-extract-v1",
        "verified_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z",
        "confidence": 0.9,
        "is_secondhand": false,
        "supersedes": null,
        "superseded_by": null,
        "is_current": true,
        "citation": {
          "apa": "Swiss Re Institute. (2027). sigma 5/2024: Global economic and insurance market outlook 2025-26. Retrieved September 15, 2026, from https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-05-global-economic-insurance-outlook-growth-geopolitics.html. Via StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC8QWZRT4Z8E3V71M3G",
          "bibtex": "@misc{swissre2027bulkv71m3g,\n  author       = {{Swiss Re Institute}},\n  title        = {sigma 5/2024: Global economic and insurance market outlook 2025-26},\n  year         = {2027},\n  howpublished = {StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org},\n  url          = {https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC8QWZRT4Z8E3V71M3G},\n  note         = {Original source: https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-05-global-economic-insurance-outlook-growth-geopolitics.html. Accessed September 15, 2026.}\n}"
        },
        "updated_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z"
      },
      {
        "id": "stat_01M2KJ7XC8QWZRT4Z8E3V71M3Q",
        "url": "https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC8QWZRT4Z8E3V71M3Q",
        "indicator": {
          "slug": "catastrophe-bond-market-capital",
          "name": "Catastrophe bond market capital",
          "definition": "Total alternative capital capacity provided by the catastrophe bond market."
        },
        "industry": [
          {
            "slug": "insurance",
            "name": "Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security",
            "isic": "K65",
            "is_primary": true
          }
        ],
        "region": {
          "code": "GLOBAL",
          "name": "Global",
          "type": "world"
        },
        "period": {
          "start": "2025-04-29",
          "end": "2025-04-29",
          "type": "point"
        },
        "value": 50,
        "value_text": "USD 50 billion",
        "unit": "USD",
        "currency": "USD",
        "scale": "billion",
        "value_type": "estimate",
        "source": {
          "org": "Swiss Re Institute",
          "org_short_name": "Swiss Re",
          "org_url": "https://www.swissre.com",
          "org_tier": 2,
          "document_title": "sigma 1/2025: Natural catastrophes: insured losses on trend to USD 145 billion in 2025",
          "document_url": "https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2025-01-natural-catastrophes-trend.html",
          "document_type": "press_release",
          "locator": "Figure 4: Global natural catastrophe insured losses, the trend and modelled 1-in-10 year (USD bn, 2024 prices)",
          "quote": "Alternative capital, including an estimated USD 50 billion from the cat bond market, contributes additional capacity to help cover a loss of this magnitude.",
          "published_date": null,
          "accessed_at": "2026-09-15",
          "license": "see-source",
          "url_status": "ok"
        },
        "verification": "verified",
        "verified_by": "seed:auto-extract-v1",
        "verified_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z",
        "confidence": 0.9,
        "is_secondhand": false,
        "supersedes": null,
        "superseded_by": null,
        "is_current": true,
        "citation": {
          "apa": "Swiss Re Institute. (2025). sigma 1/2025: Natural catastrophes: insured losses on trend to USD 145 billion in 2025. Retrieved September 15, 2026, from https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2025-01-natural-catastrophes-trend.html. Via StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC8QWZRT4Z8E3V71M3Q",
          "bibtex": "@misc{swissre2025catastrophev71m3q,\n  author       = {{Swiss Re Institute}},\n  title        = {sigma 1/2025: Natural catastrophes: insured losses on trend to USD 145 billion in 2025},\n  year         = {2025},\n  howpublished = {StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org},\n  url          = {https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC8QWZRT4Z8E3V71M3Q},\n  note         = {Original source: https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2025-01-natural-catastrophes-trend.html. Accessed September 15, 2026.}\n}"
        },
        "updated_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z"
      },
      {
        "id": "stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q63X",
        "url": "https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q63X",
        "indicator": {
          "slug": "crop-insurance-protection-gap",
          "name": "Crop insurance protection gap",
          "definition": "Uninsured portion of resources needed to fully mitigate crop-related risks, measured in premium equivalent terms."
        },
        "industry": [
          {
            "slug": "insurance",
            "name": "Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security",
            "isic": "K65",
            "is_primary": true
          }
        ],
        "region": {
          "code": "GLOBAL",
          "name": "Global",
          "type": "world"
        },
        "period": {
          "start": "2023-01-01",
          "end": "2023-12-31",
          "type": "year"
        },
        "value": 77,
        "value_text": "USD 77 billion",
        "unit": "USD",
        "currency": "USD",
        "scale": "billion",
        "value_type": "actual",
        "source": {
          "org": "Swiss Re Institute",
          "org_short_name": "Swiss Re",
          "org_url": "https://www.swissre.com",
          "org_tier": 2,
          "document_title": "sigma Resilience Index 2024: Encouraging resilience gains, but more is needed",
          "document_url": "https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/natural-catastrophe-insurance-global-resilience-index-2024.html",
          "document_type": "press_release",
          "locator": "Insurance resilience",
          "quote": "The crop protection gap stood at USD 77 billion in premium equivalent terms in 2023.",
          "published_date": null,
          "accessed_at": "2026-09-15",
          "license": "see-source",
          "url_status": "ok"
        },
        "verification": "verified",
        "verified_by": "seed:auto-extract-v1",
        "verified_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z",
        "confidence": 0.9,
        "is_secondhand": false,
        "supersedes": null,
        "superseded_by": null,
        "is_current": true,
        "citation": {
          "apa": "Swiss Re Institute. (2023). sigma Resilience Index 2024: Encouraging resilience gains, but more is needed. Retrieved September 15, 2026, from https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/natural-catastrophe-insurance-global-resilience-index-2024.html. Via StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q63X",
          "bibtex": "@misc{swissre2023cropw6q63x,\n  author       = {{Swiss Re Institute}},\n  title        = {sigma Resilience Index 2024: Encouraging resilience gains, but more is needed},\n  year         = {2023},\n  howpublished = {StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org},\n  url          = {https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q63X},\n  note         = {Original source: https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/natural-catastrophe-insurance-global-resilience-index-2024.html. Accessed September 15, 2026.}\n}"
        },
        "updated_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z"
      },
      {
        "id": "stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q63W",
        "url": "https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q63W",
        "indicator": {
          "slug": "crop-insurance-resilience-index",
          "name": "Crop insurance resilience index",
          "definition": "Metric measuring how crop insurance contributes to maintaining farmers' financial stability by transferring or absorbing risk."
        },
        "industry": [
          {
            "slug": "insurance",
            "name": "Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security",
            "isic": "K65",
            "is_primary": true
          }
        ],
        "region": {
          "code": "GLOBAL",
          "name": "Global",
          "type": "world"
        },
        "period": {
          "start": "2023-01-01",
          "end": "2023-12-31",
          "type": "year"
        },
        "value": 43.5,
        "value_text": "43.5%",
        "unit": "percent",
        "currency": null,
        "scale": "1",
        "value_type": "actual",
        "source": {
          "org": "Swiss Re Institute",
          "org_short_name": "Swiss Re",
          "org_url": "https://www.swissre.com",
          "org_tier": 2,
          "document_title": "sigma Resilience Index 2024: Encouraging resilience gains, but more is needed",
          "document_url": "https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/natural-catastrophe-insurance-global-resilience-index-2024.html",
          "document_type": "press_release",
          "locator": "Insurance resilience",
          "quote": "The global crop resilience index was marginally higher year-on-year at 43.5% in 2023.",
          "published_date": null,
          "accessed_at": "2026-09-15",
          "license": "see-source",
          "url_status": "ok"
        },
        "verification": "verified",
        "verified_by": "seed:auto-extract-v1",
        "verified_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z",
        "confidence": 0.9,
        "is_secondhand": false,
        "supersedes": null,
        "superseded_by": null,
        "is_current": true,
        "citation": {
          "apa": "Swiss Re Institute. (2023). sigma Resilience Index 2024: Encouraging resilience gains, but more is needed. Retrieved September 15, 2026, from https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/natural-catastrophe-insurance-global-resilience-index-2024.html. Via StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q63W",
          "bibtex": "@misc{swissre2023cropw6q63w,\n  author       = {{Swiss Re Institute}},\n  title        = {sigma Resilience Index 2024: Encouraging resilience gains, but more is needed},\n  year         = {2023},\n  howpublished = {StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org},\n  url          = {https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q63W},\n  note         = {Original source: https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/natural-catastrophe-insurance-global-resilience-index-2024.html. Accessed September 15, 2026.}\n}"
        },
        "updated_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z"
      },
      {
        "id": "stat_01M2KJ7XC8QWZRT4Z8E3V71M3M",
        "url": "https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC8QWZRT4Z8E3V71M3M",
        "indicator": {
          "slug": "disaster-protection-gap",
          "name": "Disaster protection gap",
          "definition": "The difference between total economic losses and insured losses arising from disaster events."
        },
        "industry": [
          {
            "slug": "insurance",
            "name": "Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security",
            "isic": "K65",
            "is_primary": true
          }
        ],
        "region": {
          "code": "GLOBAL",
          "name": "Global",
          "type": "world"
        },
        "period": {
          "start": "2024-01-01",
          "end": "2024-12-31",
          "type": "year"
        },
        "value": 181,
        "value_text": "USD 181 billion",
        "unit": "USD",
        "currency": "USD",
        "scale": "billion",
        "value_type": "actual",
        "source": {
          "org": "Swiss Re Institute",
          "org_short_name": "Swiss Re",
          "org_url": "https://www.swissre.com",
          "org_tier": 2,
          "document_title": "sigma 1/2025: Natural catastrophes: insured losses on trend to USD 145 billion in 2025",
          "document_url": "https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2025-01-natural-catastrophes-trend.html",
          "document_type": "press_release",
          "locator": "Figure 1: Natural catastrophes in 2024: in a nutshell",
          "quote": "That left a still large global protection gap of USD 181 billion.",
          "published_date": null,
          "accessed_at": "2026-09-15",
          "license": "see-source",
          "url_status": "ok"
        },
        "verification": "verified",
        "verified_by": "seed:auto-extract-v1",
        "verified_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z",
        "confidence": 0.9,
        "is_secondhand": false,
        "supersedes": null,
        "superseded_by": null,
        "is_current": true,
        "citation": {
          "apa": "Swiss Re Institute. (2024). sigma 1/2025: Natural catastrophes: insured losses on trend to USD 145 billion in 2025. Retrieved September 15, 2026, from https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2025-01-natural-catastrophes-trend.html. Via StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC8QWZRT4Z8E3V71M3M",
          "bibtex": "@misc{swissre2024disasterv71m3m,\n  author       = {{Swiss Re Institute}},\n  title        = {sigma 1/2025: Natural catastrophes: insured losses on trend to USD 145 billion in 2025},\n  year         = {2024},\n  howpublished = {StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org},\n  url          = {https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC8QWZRT4Z8E3V71M3M},\n  note         = {Original source: https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2025-01-natural-catastrophes-trend.html. Accessed September 15, 2026.}\n}"
        },
        "updated_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z"
      },
      {
        "id": "stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q644",
        "url": "https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q644",
        "indicator": {
          "slug": "health-insurance-protection-gap",
          "name": "Health insurance protection gap",
          "definition": "Uninsured portion of resources needed to fully mitigate health-related risks, measured in premium equivalent terms."
        },
        "industry": [
          {
            "slug": "insurance",
            "name": "Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security",
            "isic": "K65",
            "is_primary": true
          }
        ],
        "region": {
          "code": "GLOBAL",
          "name": "Global",
          "type": "world"
        },
        "period": {
          "start": "2023-01-01",
          "end": "2023-12-31",
          "type": "year"
        },
        "value": 941,
        "value_text": "USD 941 billion",
        "unit": "USD",
        "currency": "USD",
        "scale": "billion",
        "value_type": "actual",
        "source": {
          "org": "Swiss Re Institute",
          "org_short_name": "Swiss Re",
          "org_url": "https://www.swissre.com",
          "org_tier": 2,
          "document_title": "sigma Resilience Index 2024: Encouraging resilience gains, but more is needed",
          "document_url": "https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/natural-catastrophe-insurance-global-resilience-index-2024.html",
          "document_type": "press_release",
          "locator": "Insurance resilience",
          "quote": "The global health protection gap grew by 5.4% to USD 941 billion in premium equivalent terms.",
          "published_date": null,
          "accessed_at": "2026-09-15",
          "license": "see-source",
          "url_status": "ok"
        },
        "verification": "verified",
        "verified_by": "seed:auto-extract-v1",
        "verified_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z",
        "confidence": 0.9,
        "is_secondhand": false,
        "supersedes": null,
        "superseded_by": null,
        "is_current": true,
        "citation": {
          "apa": "Swiss Re Institute. (2023). sigma Resilience Index 2024: Encouraging resilience gains, but more is needed. Retrieved September 15, 2026, from https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/natural-catastrophe-insurance-global-resilience-index-2024.html. Via StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q644",
          "bibtex": "@misc{swissre2023healthw6q644,\n  author       = {{Swiss Re Institute}},\n  title        = {sigma Resilience Index 2024: Encouraging resilience gains, but more is needed},\n  year         = {2023},\n  howpublished = {StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org},\n  url          = {https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q644},\n  note         = {Original source: https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/natural-catastrophe-insurance-global-resilience-index-2024.html. Accessed September 15, 2026.}\n}"
        },
        "updated_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z"
      },
      {
        "id": "stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q643",
        "url": "https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q643",
        "indicator": {
          "slug": "health-insurance-protection-gap-growth",
          "name": "Health insurance protection gap growth",
          "definition": "Year-on-year growth rate of the health insurance protection gap in premium equivalent terms."
        },
        "industry": [
          {
            "slug": "insurance",
            "name": "Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security",
            "isic": "K65",
            "is_primary": true
          }
        ],
        "region": {
          "code": "GLOBAL",
          "name": "Global",
          "type": "world"
        },
        "period": {
          "start": "2023-01-01",
          "end": "2023-12-31",
          "type": "year"
        },
        "value": 5.4,
        "value_text": "5.4%",
        "unit": "percent",
        "currency": null,
        "scale": "1",
        "value_type": "actual",
        "source": {
          "org": "Swiss Re Institute",
          "org_short_name": "Swiss Re",
          "org_url": "https://www.swissre.com",
          "org_tier": 2,
          "document_title": "sigma Resilience Index 2024: Encouraging resilience gains, but more is needed",
          "document_url": "https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/natural-catastrophe-insurance-global-resilience-index-2024.html",
          "document_type": "press_release",
          "locator": "Insurance resilience",
          "quote": "The global health protection gap grew by 5.4% to USD 941 billion in premium equivalent terms.",
          "published_date": null,
          "accessed_at": "2026-09-15",
          "license": "see-source",
          "url_status": "ok"
        },
        "verification": "verified",
        "verified_by": "seed:auto-extract-v1",
        "verified_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z",
        "confidence": 0.9,
        "is_secondhand": false,
        "supersedes": null,
        "superseded_by": null,
        "is_current": true,
        "citation": {
          "apa": "Swiss Re Institute. (2023). sigma Resilience Index 2024: Encouraging resilience gains, but more is needed. Retrieved September 15, 2026, from https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/natural-catastrophe-insurance-global-resilience-index-2024.html. Via StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q643",
          "bibtex": "@misc{swissre2023healthw6q643,\n  author       = {{Swiss Re Institute}},\n  title        = {sigma Resilience Index 2024: Encouraging resilience gains, but more is needed},\n  year         = {2023},\n  howpublished = {StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org},\n  url          = {https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q643},\n  note         = {Original source: https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/natural-catastrophe-insurance-global-resilience-index-2024.html. Accessed September 15, 2026.}\n}"
        },
        "updated_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z"
      },
      {
        "id": "stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q642",
        "url": "https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q642",
        "indicator": {
          "slug": "health-insurance-resilience-index",
          "name": "Health insurance resilience index",
          "definition": "Metric measuring the extent to which health risk protection needs are covered by health insurance and health financing."
        },
        "industry": [
          {
            "slug": "insurance",
            "name": "Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security",
            "isic": "K65",
            "is_primary": true
          }
        ],
        "region": {
          "code": "GLOBAL",
          "name": "Global",
          "type": "world"
        },
        "period": {
          "start": "2023-01-01",
          "end": "2023-12-31",
          "type": "year"
        },
        "value": 77.7,
        "value_text": "77.7%",
        "unit": "percent",
        "currency": null,
        "scale": "1",
        "value_type": "actual",
        "source": {
          "org": "Swiss Re Institute",
          "org_short_name": "Swiss Re",
          "org_url": "https://www.swissre.com",
          "org_tier": 2,
          "document_title": "sigma Resilience Index 2024: Encouraging resilience gains, but more is needed",
          "document_url": "https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/natural-catastrophe-insurance-global-resilience-index-2024.html",
          "document_type": "press_release",
          "locator": "Insurance resilience",
          "quote": "Our health resilience index was stable at 77.7% in 2023, implying about 22% still-untapped global coverage of additional private medical insurance.",
          "published_date": null,
          "accessed_at": "2026-09-15",
          "license": "see-source",
          "url_status": "ok"
        },
        "verification": "verified",
        "verified_by": "seed:auto-extract-v1",
        "verified_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z",
        "confidence": 0.9,
        "is_secondhand": false,
        "supersedes": null,
        "superseded_by": null,
        "is_current": true,
        "citation": {
          "apa": "Swiss Re Institute. (2023). sigma Resilience Index 2024: Encouraging resilience gains, but more is needed. Retrieved September 15, 2026, from https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/natural-catastrophe-insurance-global-resilience-index-2024.html. Via StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q642",
          "bibtex": "@misc{swissre2023healthw6q642,\n  author       = {{Swiss Re Institute}},\n  title        = {sigma Resilience Index 2024: Encouraging resilience gains, but more is needed},\n  year         = {2023},\n  howpublished = {StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org},\n  url          = {https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q642},\n  note         = {Original source: https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/natural-catastrophe-insurance-global-resilience-index-2024.html. Accessed September 15, 2026.}\n}"
        },
        "updated_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z"
      },
      {
        "id": "stat_01M2KJ7XC8QWZRT4Z8E3V71M3F",
        "url": "https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC8QWZRT4Z8E3V71M3F",
        "indicator": {
          "slug": "individual-annuity-sales",
          "name": "Individual annuity sales",
          "definition": "Total annual sales of individual annuities across all distribution channels."
        },
        "industry": [
          {
            "slug": "insurance",
            "name": "Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security",
            "isic": "K65",
            "is_primary": true
          }
        ],
        "region": {
          "code": "US",
          "name": "United States",
          "type": "country"
        },
        "period": {
          "start": "2024-01-01",
          "end": "2024-12-31",
          "type": "year"
        },
        "value": 400,
        "value_text": "over USD 400 billion",
        "unit": "USD",
        "currency": "USD",
        "scale": "billion",
        "value_type": "forecast",
        "source": {
          "org": "Swiss Re Institute",
          "org_short_name": "Swiss Re",
          "org_url": "https://www.swissre.com",
          "org_tier": 2,
          "document_title": "sigma 5/2024: Global economic and insurance market outlook 2025-26",
          "document_url": "https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-05-global-economic-insurance-outlook-growth-geopolitics.html",
          "document_type": "press_release",
          "locator": "Figure 5: Evolution of life insurance saving and risk premiums in volume (USD bn), left axis, and real growth (%), right axis",
          "quote": "US individual annuity sales should reach a new record of over USD 400 billion this year.",
          "published_date": null,
          "accessed_at": "2026-09-15",
          "license": "see-source",
          "url_status": "ok"
        },
        "verification": "verified",
        "verified_by": "seed:auto-extract-v1",
        "verified_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z",
        "confidence": 0.9,
        "is_secondhand": false,
        "supersedes": null,
        "superseded_by": null,
        "is_current": true,
        "citation": {
          "apa": "Swiss Re Institute. (2024). sigma 5/2024: Global economic and insurance market outlook 2025-26. Retrieved September 15, 2026, from https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-05-global-economic-insurance-outlook-growth-geopolitics.html. Via StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC8QWZRT4Z8E3V71M3F",
          "bibtex": "@misc{swissre2024individualv71m3f,\n  author       = {{Swiss Re Institute}},\n  title        = {sigma 5/2024: Global economic and insurance market outlook 2025-26},\n  year         = {2024},\n  howpublished = {StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org},\n  url          = {https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC8QWZRT4Z8E3V71M3F},\n  note         = {Original source: https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-05-global-economic-insurance-outlook-growth-geopolitics.html. Accessed September 15, 2026.}\n}"
        },
        "updated_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z"
      },
      {
        "id": "stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q64D",
        "url": "https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q64D",
        "indicator": {
          "slug": "insurance-premium-growth-real",
          "name": "Insurance premium growth (real)",
          "definition": "Annual real (inflation-adjusted) growth rate of total insurance premiums across life and non-life business."
        },
        "industry": [
          {
            "slug": "insurance",
            "name": "Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security",
            "isic": "K65",
            "is_primary": true
          }
        ],
        "region": {
          "code": "GLOBAL",
          "name": "Global",
          "type": "world"
        },
        "period": {
          "start": "2025-01-01",
          "end": "2025-12-31",
          "type": "year"
        },
        "value": 2,
        "value_text": "2%",
        "unit": "percent",
        "currency": null,
        "scale": "1",
        "value_type": "forecast",
        "source": {
          "org": "Swiss Re Institute",
          "org_short_name": "Swiss Re",
          "org_url": "https://www.swissre.com",
          "org_tier": 2,
          "document_title": "sigma 2/2025: World insurance in 2025: a riskier, more fragmented world order",
          "document_url": "https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2025-02-world-insurance-riskier-fragmented-world.html",
          "document_type": "press_release",
          "locator": "sigma 2/2025: World insurance: a riskier, more fragmented world order",
          "quote": "We estimate that total premiums (life and non-life) will grow by 2% in real terms in 2025 (vs 5.2% in 2024), with marginal pick-up to 2.3% in 2026.",
          "published_date": null,
          "accessed_at": "2026-09-15",
          "license": "see-source",
          "url_status": "ok"
        },
        "verification": "verified",
        "verified_by": "seed:auto-extract-v1",
        "verified_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z",
        "confidence": 0.9,
        "is_secondhand": false,
        "supersedes": null,
        "superseded_by": null,
        "is_current": true,
        "citation": {
          "apa": "Swiss Re Institute. (2025). sigma 2/2025: World insurance in 2025: a riskier, more fragmented world order. Retrieved September 15, 2026, from https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2025-02-world-insurance-riskier-fragmented-world.html. Via StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q64D",
          "bibtex": "@misc{swissre2025insurancew6q64d,\n  author       = {{Swiss Re Institute}},\n  title        = {sigma 2/2025: World insurance in 2025: a riskier, more fragmented world order},\n  year         = {2025},\n  howpublished = {StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org},\n  url          = {https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q64D},\n  note         = {Original source: https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2025-02-world-insurance-riskier-fragmented-world.html. Accessed September 15, 2026.}\n}"
        },
        "updated_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z"
      },
      {
        "id": "stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q64E",
        "url": "https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q64E",
        "indicator": {
          "slug": "insurance-premium-growth-real",
          "name": "Insurance premium growth (real)",
          "definition": "Annual real (inflation-adjusted) growth rate of total insurance premiums across life and non-life business."
        },
        "industry": [
          {
            "slug": "insurance",
            "name": "Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security",
            "isic": "K65",
            "is_primary": true
          }
        ],
        "region": {
          "code": "GLOBAL",
          "name": "Global",
          "type": "world"
        },
        "period": {
          "start": "2024-01-01",
          "end": "2024-12-31",
          "type": "year"
        },
        "value": 5.2,
        "value_text": "5.2%",
        "unit": "percent",
        "currency": null,
        "scale": "1",
        "value_type": "actual",
        "source": {
          "org": "Swiss Re Institute",
          "org_short_name": "Swiss Re",
          "org_url": "https://www.swissre.com",
          "org_tier": 2,
          "document_title": "sigma 2/2025: World insurance in 2025: a riskier, more fragmented world order",
          "document_url": "https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2025-02-world-insurance-riskier-fragmented-world.html",
          "document_type": "press_release",
          "locator": "sigma 2/2025: World insurance: a riskier, more fragmented world order",
          "quote": "We estimate that total premiums (life and non-life) will grow by 2% in real terms in 2025 (vs 5.2% in 2024), with marginal pick-up to 2.3% in 2026.",
          "published_date": null,
          "accessed_at": "2026-09-15",
          "license": "see-source",
          "url_status": "ok"
        },
        "verification": "verified",
        "verified_by": "seed:auto-extract-v1",
        "verified_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z",
        "confidence": 0.9,
        "is_secondhand": false,
        "supersedes": null,
        "superseded_by": null,
        "is_current": true,
        "citation": {
          "apa": "Swiss Re Institute. (2024). sigma 2/2025: World insurance in 2025: a riskier, more fragmented world order. Retrieved September 15, 2026, from https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2025-02-world-insurance-riskier-fragmented-world.html. Via StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q64E",
          "bibtex": "@misc{swissre2024insurancew6q64e,\n  author       = {{Swiss Re Institute}},\n  title        = {sigma 2/2025: World insurance in 2025: a riskier, more fragmented world order},\n  year         = {2024},\n  howpublished = {StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org},\n  url          = {https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q64E},\n  note         = {Original source: https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2025-02-world-insurance-riskier-fragmented-world.html. Accessed September 15, 2026.}\n}"
        },
        "updated_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z"
      },
      {
        "id": "stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q64F",
        "url": "https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q64F",
        "indicator": {
          "slug": "insurance-premium-growth-real",
          "name": "Insurance premium growth (real)",
          "definition": "Annual real (inflation-adjusted) growth rate of total insurance premiums across life and non-life business."
        },
        "industry": [
          {
            "slug": "insurance",
            "name": "Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security",
            "isic": "K65",
            "is_primary": true
          }
        ],
        "region": {
          "code": "GLOBAL",
          "name": "Global",
          "type": "world"
        },
        "period": {
          "start": "2026-01-01",
          "end": "2026-12-31",
          "type": "year"
        },
        "value": 2.3,
        "value_text": "2.3%",
        "unit": "percent",
        "currency": null,
        "scale": "1",
        "value_type": "forecast",
        "source": {
          "org": "Swiss Re Institute",
          "org_short_name": "Swiss Re",
          "org_url": "https://www.swissre.com",
          "org_tier": 2,
          "document_title": "sigma 2/2025: World insurance in 2025: a riskier, more fragmented world order",
          "document_url": "https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2025-02-world-insurance-riskier-fragmented-world.html",
          "document_type": "press_release",
          "locator": "sigma 2/2025: World insurance: a riskier, more fragmented world order",
          "quote": "We estimate that total premiums (life and non-life) will grow by 2% in real terms in 2025 (vs 5.2% in 2024), with marginal pick-up to 2.3% in 2026.",
          "published_date": null,
          "accessed_at": "2026-09-15",
          "license": "see-source",
          "url_status": "ok"
        },
        "verification": "verified",
        "verified_by": "seed:auto-extract-v1",
        "verified_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z",
        "confidence": 0.9,
        "is_secondhand": false,
        "supersedes": null,
        "superseded_by": null,
        "is_current": true,
        "citation": {
          "apa": "Swiss Re Institute. (2026). sigma 2/2025: World insurance in 2025: a riskier, more fragmented world order. Retrieved September 15, 2026, from https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2025-02-world-insurance-riskier-fragmented-world.html. Via StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q64F",
          "bibtex": "@misc{swissre2026insurancew6q64f,\n  author       = {{Swiss Re Institute}},\n  title        = {sigma 2/2025: World insurance in 2025: a riskier, more fragmented world order},\n  year         = {2026},\n  howpublished = {StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org},\n  url          = {https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q64F},\n  note         = {Original source: https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2025-02-world-insurance-riskier-fragmented-world.html. Accessed September 15, 2026.}\n}"
        },
        "updated_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z"
      },
      {
        "id": "stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q663",
        "url": "https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q663",
        "indicator": {
          "slug": "insurance-premium-growth-real",
          "name": "Insurance premium growth (real)",
          "definition": "Annual real (inflation-adjusted) growth rate of total insurance premiums across life and non-life business."
        },
        "industry": [
          {
            "slug": "insurance",
            "name": "Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security",
            "isic": "K65",
            "is_primary": true
          }
        ],
        "region": {
          "code": "GLOBAL",
          "name": "Global",
          "type": "world"
        },
        "period": {
          "start": "2025-01-01",
          "end": "2026-12-31",
          "type": "year"
        },
        "value": 2.6,
        "value_text": "2.6%",
        "unit": "percent",
        "currency": null,
        "scale": "1",
        "value_type": "forecast",
        "source": {
          "org": "Swiss Re Institute",
          "org_short_name": "Swiss Re",
          "org_url": "https://www.swissre.com",
          "org_tier": 2,
          "document_title": "sigma 5/2024: Global economic and insurance market outlook 2025-26",
          "document_url": "https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-05-global-economic-insurance-outlook-growth-geopolitics.html",
          "document_type": "press_release",
          "locator": "Figure 3: Global total insurance industry premium real growth rates and forecasts (2024 values in brackets)",
          "quote": "We forecast 2.6% total global real premium growth on average in 2025 and 2026, lower than 2024 (4.6%), but higher than the past five years (2019‒2023 average: 1.6%).",
          "published_date": null,
          "accessed_at": "2026-09-15",
          "license": "see-source",
          "url_status": "ok"
        },
        "verification": "verified",
        "verified_by": "seed:auto-extract-v1",
        "verified_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z",
        "confidence": 0.9,
        "is_secondhand": false,
        "supersedes": null,
        "superseded_by": null,
        "is_current": true,
        "citation": {
          "apa": "Swiss Re Institute. (2026). sigma 5/2024: Global economic and insurance market outlook 2025-26. Retrieved September 15, 2026, from https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-05-global-economic-insurance-outlook-growth-geopolitics.html. Via StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q663",
          "bibtex": "@misc{swissre2026insurancew6q663,\n  author       = {{Swiss Re Institute}},\n  title        = {sigma 5/2024: Global economic and insurance market outlook 2025-26},\n  year         = {2026},\n  howpublished = {StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org},\n  url          = {https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q663},\n  note         = {Original source: https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-05-global-economic-insurance-outlook-growth-geopolitics.html. Accessed September 15, 2026.}\n}"
        },
        "updated_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z"
      },
      {
        "id": "stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q664",
        "url": "https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q664",
        "indicator": {
          "slug": "insurance-premium-growth-real",
          "name": "Insurance premium growth (real)",
          "definition": "Annual real (inflation-adjusted) growth rate of total insurance premiums across life and non-life business."
        },
        "industry": [
          {
            "slug": "insurance",
            "name": "Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security",
            "isic": "K65",
            "is_primary": true
          }
        ],
        "region": {
          "code": "GLOBAL",
          "name": "Global",
          "type": "world"
        },
        "period": {
          "start": "2024-01-01",
          "end": "2024-12-31",
          "type": "year"
        },
        "value": 4.6,
        "value_text": "4.6%",
        "unit": "percent",
        "currency": null,
        "scale": "1",
        "value_type": "estimate",
        "source": {
          "org": "Swiss Re Institute",
          "org_short_name": "Swiss Re",
          "org_url": "https://www.swissre.com",
          "org_tier": 2,
          "document_title": "sigma 5/2024: Global economic and insurance market outlook 2025-26",
          "document_url": "https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-05-global-economic-insurance-outlook-growth-geopolitics.html",
          "document_type": "press_release",
          "locator": "Figure 3: Global total insurance industry premium real growth rates and forecasts (2024 values in brackets)",
          "quote": "We forecast 2.6% total global real premium growth on average in 2025 and 2026, lower than 2024 (4.6%), but higher than the past five years (2019‒2023 average: 1.6%).",
          "published_date": null,
          "accessed_at": "2026-09-15",
          "license": "see-source",
          "url_status": "ok"
        },
        "verification": "verified",
        "verified_by": "seed:auto-extract-v1",
        "verified_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z",
        "confidence": 0.9,
        "is_secondhand": false,
        "supersedes": null,
        "superseded_by": null,
        "is_current": true,
        "citation": {
          "apa": "Swiss Re Institute. (2024). sigma 5/2024: Global economic and insurance market outlook 2025-26. Retrieved September 15, 2026, from https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-05-global-economic-insurance-outlook-growth-geopolitics.html. Via StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q664",
          "bibtex": "@misc{swissre2024insurancew6q664,\n  author       = {{Swiss Re Institute}},\n  title        = {sigma 5/2024: Global economic and insurance market outlook 2025-26},\n  year         = {2024},\n  howpublished = {StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org},\n  url          = {https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q664},\n  note         = {Original source: https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-05-global-economic-insurance-outlook-growth-geopolitics.html. Accessed September 15, 2026.}\n}"
        },
        "updated_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z"
      },
      {
        "id": "stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q665",
        "url": "https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q665",
        "indicator": {
          "slug": "insurance-premium-growth-real",
          "name": "Insurance premium growth (real)",
          "definition": "Annual real (inflation-adjusted) growth rate of total insurance premiums across life and non-life business."
        },
        "industry": [
          {
            "slug": "insurance",
            "name": "Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security",
            "isic": "K65",
            "is_primary": true
          }
        ],
        "region": {
          "code": "GLOBAL",
          "name": "Global",
          "type": "world"
        },
        "period": {
          "start": "2019-01-01",
          "end": "2023-12-31",
          "type": "year"
        },
        "value": 1.6,
        "value_text": "1.6%",
        "unit": "percent",
        "currency": null,
        "scale": "1",
        "value_type": "actual",
        "source": {
          "org": "Swiss Re Institute",
          "org_short_name": "Swiss Re",
          "org_url": "https://www.swissre.com",
          "org_tier": 2,
          "document_title": "sigma 5/2024: Global economic and insurance market outlook 2025-26",
          "document_url": "https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-05-global-economic-insurance-outlook-growth-geopolitics.html",
          "document_type": "press_release",
          "locator": "Figure 3: Global total insurance industry premium real growth rates and forecasts (2024 values in brackets)",
          "quote": "We forecast 2.6% total global real premium growth on average in 2025 and 2026, lower than 2024 (4.6%), but higher than the past five years (2019‒2023 average: 1.6%).",
          "published_date": null,
          "accessed_at": "2026-09-15",
          "license": "see-source",
          "url_status": "ok"
        },
        "verification": "verified",
        "verified_by": "seed:auto-extract-v1",
        "verified_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z",
        "confidence": 0.9,
        "is_secondhand": false,
        "supersedes": null,
        "superseded_by": null,
        "is_current": true,
        "citation": {
          "apa": "Swiss Re Institute. (2023). sigma 5/2024: Global economic and insurance market outlook 2025-26. Retrieved September 15, 2026, from https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-05-global-economic-insurance-outlook-growth-geopolitics.html. Via StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q665",
          "bibtex": "@misc{swissre2023insurancew6q665,\n  author       = {{Swiss Re Institute}},\n  title        = {sigma 5/2024: Global economic and insurance market outlook 2025-26},\n  year         = {2023},\n  howpublished = {StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org},\n  url          = {https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q665},\n  note         = {Original source: https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-05-global-economic-insurance-outlook-growth-geopolitics.html. Accessed September 15, 2026.}\n}"
        },
        "updated_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z"
      },
      {
        "id": "stat_01M2KJ7XC8QWZRT4Z8E3V71M3R",
        "url": "https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC8QWZRT4Z8E3V71M3R",
        "indicator": {
          "slug": "insurance-premium-growth-real",
          "name": "Insurance premium growth (real)",
          "definition": "Annual real (inflation-adjusted) growth rate of total insurance premiums across life and non-life business."
        },
        "industry": [
          {
            "slug": "insurance",
            "name": "Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security",
            "isic": "K65",
            "is_primary": true
          }
        ],
        "region": {
          "code": "GLOBAL",
          "name": "Global",
          "type": "world"
        },
        "period": {
          "start": "2026-01-01",
          "end": "2027-12-31",
          "type": "year"
        },
        "value": 2.3,
        "value_text": "2.3%",
        "unit": "percent",
        "currency": null,
        "scale": "1",
        "value_type": "forecast",
        "source": {
          "org": "Swiss Re Institute",
          "org_short_name": "Swiss Re",
          "org_url": "https://www.swissre.com",
          "org_tier": 2,
          "document_title": "sigma 5/2025: Shifting sands: global economic and insurance market outlook",
          "document_url": "https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2025-05-global-economic-insurance-outlook-shifting-sands.html",
          "document_type": "press_release",
          "locator": "sigma 5/2025: Shifting sands: Global economic and insurance market outlook",
          "quote": "Against this growth backdrop, we estimate that global insurance premium (non-life + life) growth will slow to an average of 2.3% in real terms in 2026 and 2027, just below the 2.5% compound annual growth rate of the last five years.",
          "published_date": null,
          "accessed_at": "2026-09-15",
          "license": "see-source",
          "url_status": "ok"
        },
        "verification": "verified",
        "verified_by": "seed:auto-extract-v1",
        "verified_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z",
        "confidence": 0.9,
        "is_secondhand": false,
        "supersedes": null,
        "superseded_by": null,
        "is_current": true,
        "citation": {
          "apa": "Swiss Re Institute. (2027). sigma 5/2025: Shifting sands: global economic and insurance market outlook. Retrieved September 15, 2026, from https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2025-05-global-economic-insurance-outlook-shifting-sands.html. Via StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC8QWZRT4Z8E3V71M3R",
          "bibtex": "@misc{swissre2027insurancev71m3r,\n  author       = {{Swiss Re Institute}},\n  title        = {sigma 5/2025: Shifting sands: global economic and insurance market outlook},\n  year         = {2027},\n  howpublished = {StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org},\n  url          = {https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC8QWZRT4Z8E3V71M3R},\n  note         = {Original source: https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2025-05-global-economic-insurance-outlook-shifting-sands.html. Accessed September 15, 2026.}\n}"
        },
        "updated_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z"
      },
      {
        "id": "stat_01M2KJ7XC8QWZRT4Z8E3V71M47",
        "url": "https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC8QWZRT4Z8E3V71M47",
        "indicator": {
          "slug": "insurance-premium-growth-real",
          "name": "Insurance premium growth (real)",
          "definition": "Annual real (inflation-adjusted) growth rate of total insurance premiums across life and non-life business."
        },
        "industry": [
          {
            "slug": "insurance",
            "name": "Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security",
            "isic": "K65",
            "is_primary": true
          }
        ],
        "region": {
          "code": "GLOBAL",
          "name": "Global",
          "type": "world"
        },
        "period": {
          "start": "2026-01-01",
          "end": "2026-12-31",
          "type": "year"
        },
        "value": 1.3,
        "value_text": "1.3%",
        "unit": "percent",
        "currency": null,
        "scale": "1",
        "value_type": "forecast",
        "source": {
          "org": "Swiss Re Institute",
          "org_short_name": "Swiss Re",
          "org_url": "https://www.swissre.com",
          "org_tier": 2,
          "document_title": "World Insurance in 2026: shock absorbers in a fragmenting world",
          "document_url": "https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2026-07-world-insurance.html",
          "document_type": "press_release",
          "locator": "Insurance as a shock absorber",
          "quote": "For insurers, we forecast total global insurance premium growth lower at 1.3% in real terms in 2026, from 3.9% in 2025.",
          "published_date": null,
          "accessed_at": "2026-09-15",
          "license": "see-source",
          "url_status": "ok"
        },
        "verification": "verified",
        "verified_by": "seed:auto-extract-v1",
        "verified_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z",
        "confidence": 0.9,
        "is_secondhand": false,
        "supersedes": null,
        "superseded_by": null,
        "is_current": true,
        "citation": {
          "apa": "Swiss Re Institute. (2026). World Insurance in 2026: shock absorbers in a fragmenting world. Retrieved September 15, 2026, from https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2026-07-world-insurance.html. Via StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC8QWZRT4Z8E3V71M47",
          "bibtex": "@misc{swissre2026insurancev71m47,\n  author       = {{Swiss Re Institute}},\n  title        = {World Insurance in 2026: shock absorbers in a fragmenting world},\n  year         = {2026},\n  howpublished = {StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org},\n  url          = {https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC8QWZRT4Z8E3V71M47},\n  note         = {Original source: https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2026-07-world-insurance.html. Accessed September 15, 2026.}\n}"
        },
        "updated_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z"
      },
      {
        "id": "stat_01M2KJ7XC8QWZRT4Z8E3V71M48",
        "url": "https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC8QWZRT4Z8E3V71M48",
        "indicator": {
          "slug": "insurance-premium-growth-real",
          "name": "Insurance premium growth (real)",
          "definition": "Annual real (inflation-adjusted) growth rate of total insurance premiums across life and non-life business."
        },
        "industry": [
          {
            "slug": "insurance",
            "name": "Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security",
            "isic": "K65",
            "is_primary": true
          }
        ],
        "region": {
          "code": "GLOBAL",
          "name": "Global",
          "type": "world"
        },
        "period": {
          "start": "2025-01-01",
          "end": "2025-12-31",
          "type": "year"
        },
        "value": 3.9,
        "value_text": "3.9%",
        "unit": "percent",
        "currency": null,
        "scale": "1",
        "value_type": "actual",
        "source": {
          "org": "Swiss Re Institute",
          "org_short_name": "Swiss Re",
          "org_url": "https://www.swissre.com",
          "org_tier": 2,
          "document_title": "World Insurance in 2026: shock absorbers in a fragmenting world",
          "document_url": "https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2026-07-world-insurance.html",
          "document_type": "press_release",
          "locator": "Insurance as a shock absorber",
          "quote": "For insurers, we forecast total global insurance premium growth lower at 1.3% in real terms in 2026, from 3.9% in 2025.",
          "published_date": null,
          "accessed_at": "2026-09-15",
          "license": "see-source",
          "url_status": "ok"
        },
        "verification": "verified",
        "verified_by": "seed:auto-extract-v1",
        "verified_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z",
        "confidence": 0.9,
        "is_secondhand": false,
        "supersedes": null,
        "superseded_by": null,
        "is_current": true,
        "citation": {
          "apa": "Swiss Re Institute. (2025). World Insurance in 2026: shock absorbers in a fragmenting world. Retrieved September 15, 2026, from https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2026-07-world-insurance.html. Via StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC8QWZRT4Z8E3V71M48",
          "bibtex": "@misc{swissre2025insurancev71m48,\n  author       = {{Swiss Re Institute}},\n  title        = {World Insurance in 2026: shock absorbers in a fragmenting world},\n  year         = {2025},\n  howpublished = {StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org},\n  url          = {https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC8QWZRT4Z8E3V71M48},\n  note         = {Original source: https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2026-07-world-insurance.html. Accessed September 15, 2026.}\n}"
        },
        "updated_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z"
      },
      {
        "id": "stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q63Q",
        "url": "https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q63Q",
        "indicator": {
          "slug": "insurance-resilience-index",
          "name": "Insurance resilience index",
          "definition": "Composite index measuring how insurance contributes to maintaining households' and businesses' financial stability by transferring or absorbing risk."
        },
        "industry": [
          {
            "slug": "insurance",
            "name": "Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security",
            "isic": "K65",
            "is_primary": true
          }
        ],
        "region": {
          "code": "GLOBAL",
          "name": "Global",
          "type": "world"
        },
        "period": {
          "start": "2023-01-01",
          "end": "2023-12-31",
          "type": "year"
        },
        "value": 58,
        "value_text": "58%",
        "unit": "percent",
        "currency": null,
        "scale": "1",
        "value_type": "actual",
        "source": {
          "org": "Swiss Re Institute",
          "org_short_name": "Swiss Re",
          "org_url": "https://www.swissre.com",
          "org_tier": 2,
          "document_title": "sigma Resilience Index 2024: Encouraging resilience gains, but more is needed",
          "document_url": "https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/natural-catastrophe-insurance-global-resilience-index-2024.html",
          "document_type": "press_release",
          "locator": "Insurance resilience",
          "quote": "Global insurance resilience was stable at 58% in 2023.",
          "published_date": null,
          "accessed_at": "2026-09-15",
          "license": "see-source",
          "url_status": "ok"
        },
        "verification": "verified",
        "verified_by": "seed:auto-extract-v1",
        "verified_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z",
        "confidence": 0.9,
        "is_secondhand": false,
        "supersedes": null,
        "superseded_by": null,
        "is_current": true,
        "citation": {
          "apa": "Swiss Re Institute. (2023). sigma Resilience Index 2024: Encouraging resilience gains, but more is needed. Retrieved September 15, 2026, from https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/natural-catastrophe-insurance-global-resilience-index-2024.html. Via StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q63Q",
          "bibtex": "@misc{swissre2023insurancew6q63q,\n  author       = {{Swiss Re Institute}},\n  title        = {sigma Resilience Index 2024: Encouraging resilience gains, but more is needed},\n  year         = {2023},\n  howpublished = {StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org},\n  url          = {https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q63Q},\n  note         = {Original source: https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/natural-catastrophe-insurance-global-resilience-index-2024.html. Accessed September 15, 2026.}\n}"
        },
        "updated_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z"
      },
      {
        "id": "stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q63H",
        "url": "https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q63H",
        "indicator": {
          "slug": "life-insurance-assets-transferred-to-private-equity-insurers",
          "name": "Life insurance assets transferred to private equity insurers",
          "definition": "Cumulative volume of life insurance assets transferred to private equity-backed insurers."
        },
        "industry": [
          {
            "slug": "insurance",
            "name": "Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security",
            "isic": "K65",
            "is_primary": true
          }
        ],
        "region": {
          "code": "GLOBAL",
          "name": "Global",
          "type": "world"
        },
        "period": {
          "start": "2009-01-01",
          "end": "2024-05-27",
          "type": "point"
        },
        "value": 1,
        "value_text": "USD 1 trillion",
        "unit": "USD",
        "currency": "USD",
        "scale": "trillion",
        "value_type": "estimate",
        "source": {
          "org": "Swiss Re Institute",
          "org_short_name": "Swiss Re",
          "org_url": "https://www.swissre.com",
          "org_tier": 2,
          "document_title": "sigma 2/2024: Life insurance in the higher interest rate era",
          "document_url": "https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-02-life-annuity-insurance.html",
          "document_type": "press_release",
          "locator": "Figure 6. European life insurance industry portfolio allocations, 2017-22",
          "quote": "We estimate that more than USD 1 trillion of life assets have transferred to PE-owned insurers globally since 2009.",
          "published_date": null,
          "accessed_at": "2026-09-15",
          "license": "see-source",
          "url_status": "ok"
        },
        "verification": "verified",
        "verified_by": "seed:auto-extract-v1",
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          "apa": "Swiss Re Institute. (2024). sigma 2/2024: Life insurance in the higher interest rate era. Retrieved September 15, 2026, from https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-02-life-annuity-insurance.html. Via StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q63H",
          "bibtex": "@misc{swissre2024lifew6q63h,\n  author       = {{Swiss Re Institute}},\n  title        = {sigma 2/2024: Life insurance in the higher interest rate era},\n  year         = {2024},\n  howpublished = {StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org},\n  url          = {https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q63H},\n  note         = {Original source: https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-02-life-annuity-insurance.html. Accessed September 15, 2026.}\n}"
        },
        "updated_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z"
      },
      {
        "id": "stat_01M2KJ7XC8QWZRT4Z8E3V71M3B",
        "url": "https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC8QWZRT4Z8E3V71M3B",
        "indicator": {
          "slug": "life-insurance-premium-growth",
          "name": "Life insurance premium growth",
          "definition": "Annual growth rate of life insurance premiums."
        },
        "industry": [
          {
            "slug": "insurance",
            "name": "Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security",
            "isic": "K65",
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          }
        ],
        "region": {
          "code": "GLOBAL",
          "name": "Global",
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          "start": "2025-01-01",
          "end": "2026-12-31",
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        "source": {
          "org": "Swiss Re Institute",
          "org_short_name": "Swiss Re",
          "org_url": "https://www.swissre.com",
          "org_tier": 2,
          "document_title": "sigma 5/2024: Global economic and insurance market outlook 2025-26",
          "document_url": "https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-05-global-economic-insurance-outlook-growth-geopolitics.html",
          "document_type": "press_release",
          "locator": "Figure 5: Evolution of life insurance saving and risk premiums in volume (USD bn), left axis, and real growth (%), right axis",
          "quote": "We project growth of more than twice the historical average, at 3% in real terms over 2025 and 2026, after a decade-high 5% growth in 2024.",
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          "accessed_at": "2026-09-15",
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          "apa": "Swiss Re Institute. (2026). sigma 5/2024: Global economic and insurance market outlook 2025-26. Retrieved September 15, 2026, from https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-05-global-economic-insurance-outlook-growth-geopolitics.html. Via StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC8QWZRT4Z8E3V71M3B",
          "bibtex": "@misc{swissre2026lifev71m3b,\n  author       = {{Swiss Re Institute}},\n  title        = {sigma 5/2024: Global economic and insurance market outlook 2025-26},\n  year         = {2026},\n  howpublished = {StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org},\n  url          = {https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC8QWZRT4Z8E3V71M3B},\n  note         = {Original source: https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-05-global-economic-insurance-outlook-growth-geopolitics.html. Accessed September 15, 2026.}\n}"
        },
        "updated_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z"
      },
      {
        "id": "stat_01M2KJ7XC8QWZRT4Z8E3V71M3C",
        "url": "https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC8QWZRT4Z8E3V71M3C",
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          "slug": "life-insurance-premium-growth",
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          {
            "slug": "insurance",
            "name": "Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security",
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        ],
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          "code": "GLOBAL",
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          "start": "2024-01-01",
          "end": "2024-12-31",
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          "org": "Swiss Re Institute",
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          "org_url": "https://www.swissre.com",
          "org_tier": 2,
          "document_title": "sigma 5/2024: Global economic and insurance market outlook 2025-26",
          "document_url": "https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-05-global-economic-insurance-outlook-growth-geopolitics.html",
          "document_type": "press_release",
          "locator": "Figure 5: Evolution of life insurance saving and risk premiums in volume (USD bn), left axis, and real growth (%), right axis",
          "quote": "We project growth of more than twice the historical average, at 3% in real terms over 2025 and 2026, after a decade-high 5% growth in 2024.",
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          "accessed_at": "2026-09-15",
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        },
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        "citation": {
          "apa": "Swiss Re Institute. (2024). sigma 5/2024: Global economic and insurance market outlook 2025-26. Retrieved September 15, 2026, from https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-05-global-economic-insurance-outlook-growth-geopolitics.html. Via StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC8QWZRT4Z8E3V71M3C",
          "bibtex": "@misc{swissre2024lifev71m3c,\n  author       = {{Swiss Re Institute}},\n  title        = {sigma 5/2024: Global economic and insurance market outlook 2025-26},\n  year         = {2024},\n  howpublished = {StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org},\n  url          = {https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC8QWZRT4Z8E3V71M3C},\n  note         = {Original source: https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-05-global-economic-insurance-outlook-growth-geopolitics.html. Accessed September 15, 2026.}\n}"
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        "updated_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z"
      },
      {
        "id": "stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q65K",
        "url": "https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q65K",
        "indicator": {
          "slug": "life-insurance-premium-growth-real",
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        "industry": [
          {
            "slug": "insurance",
            "name": "Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security",
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          "start": "2024-01-01",
          "end": "2024-12-31",
          "type": "year"
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        "value_type": "estimate",
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          "org": "Swiss Re Institute",
          "org_short_name": "Swiss Re",
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          "org_tier": 2,
          "document_title": "sigma 3/2024: World insurance: strengthening global resilience with a new lease of life",
          "document_url": "https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-03-world-insurance-global-resilience.html",
          "document_type": "press_release",
          "locator": "Insurance markets set for growth",
          "quote": "We estimate that global life premiums will grow by 2.9% in real terms in 2024, well above the annual average of the previous decade (0.8%), and by 2.7% in 2025.",
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          "accessed_at": "2026-09-15",
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          "apa": "Swiss Re Institute. (2024). sigma 3/2024: World insurance: strengthening global resilience with a new lease of life. Retrieved September 15, 2026, from https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-03-world-insurance-global-resilience.html. Via StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q65K",
          "bibtex": "@misc{swissre2024lifew6q65k,\n  author       = {{Swiss Re Institute}},\n  title        = {sigma 3/2024: World insurance: strengthening global resilience with a new lease of life},\n  year         = {2024},\n  howpublished = {StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org},\n  url          = {https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q65K},\n  note         = {Original source: https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-03-world-insurance-global-resilience.html. Accessed September 15, 2026.}\n}"
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        "updated_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z"
      },
      {
        "id": "stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q65M",
        "url": "https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q65M",
        "indicator": {
          "slug": "life-insurance-premium-growth-real",
          "name": "Life insurance premium growth (real)",
          "definition": "Annual real (inflation-adjusted) growth rate of life insurance premiums."
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        "industry": [
          {
            "slug": "insurance",
            "name": "Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security",
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          "locator": "Insurance markets set for growth",
          "quote": "We estimate that global life premiums will grow by 2.9% in real terms in 2024, well above the annual average of the previous decade (0.8%), and by 2.7% in 2025.",
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          "apa": "Swiss Re Institute. (2023). sigma 3/2024: World insurance: strengthening global resilience with a new lease of life. Retrieved September 15, 2026, from https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-03-world-insurance-global-resilience.html. Via StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q65M",
          "bibtex": "@misc{swissre2023lifew6q65m,\n  author       = {{Swiss Re Institute}},\n  title        = {sigma 3/2024: World insurance: strengthening global resilience with a new lease of life},\n  year         = {2023},\n  howpublished = {StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org},\n  url          = {https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q65M},\n  note         = {Original source: https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-03-world-insurance-global-resilience.html. Accessed September 15, 2026.}\n}"
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        "id": "stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q65N",
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        "industry": [
          {
            "slug": "insurance",
            "name": "Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security",
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          "start": "2025-01-01",
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          "quote": "We estimate that global life premiums will grow by 2.9% in real terms in 2024, well above the annual average of the previous decade (0.8%), and by 2.7% in 2025.",
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          "apa": "Swiss Re Institute. (2025). sigma 3/2024: World insurance: strengthening global resilience with a new lease of life. Retrieved September 15, 2026, from https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-03-world-insurance-global-resilience.html. Via StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q65N",
          "bibtex": "@misc{swissre2025lifew6q65n,\n  author       = {{Swiss Re Institute}},\n  title        = {sigma 3/2024: World insurance: strengthening global resilience with a new lease of life},\n  year         = {2025},\n  howpublished = {StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org},\n  url          = {https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q65N},\n  note         = {Original source: https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-03-world-insurance-global-resilience.html. Accessed September 15, 2026.}\n}"
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        "updated_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z"
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        "id": "stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q65X",
        "url": "https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q65X",
        "indicator": {
          "slug": "life-insurance-premium-growth-real",
          "name": "Life insurance premium growth (real)",
          "definition": "Annual real (inflation-adjusted) growth rate of life insurance premiums."
        },
        "industry": [
          {
            "slug": "insurance",
            "name": "Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security",
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          }
        ],
        "region": {
          "code": "GLOBAL",
          "name": "Global",
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        },
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          "start": "2023-01-01",
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        "value_type": "actual",
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          "org": "Swiss Re Institute",
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          "quote": "Emerging market life premiums were up 8.4%, mostly driven by China, where growth recovered to 12.5% from 2.0% in 2022 on the back of strong sales in saving products.",
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          "accessed_at": "2026-09-15",
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        "id": "stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q65Y",
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        "industry": [
          {
            "slug": "insurance",
            "name": "Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security",
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        ],
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          "code": "GLOBAL",
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          "start": "2022-01-01",
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          "org": "Swiss Re Institute",
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          "apa": "Swiss Re Institute. (2022). sigma 3/2024: World insurance: strengthening global resilience with a new lease of life. Retrieved September 15, 2026, from https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-03-world-insurance-global-resilience.html. Via StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q65Y",
          "bibtex": "@misc{swissre2022lifew6q65y,\n  author       = {{Swiss Re Institute}},\n  title        = {sigma 3/2024: World insurance: strengthening global resilience with a new lease of life},\n  year         = {2022},\n  howpublished = {StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org},\n  url          = {https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q65Y},\n  note         = {Original source: https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-03-world-insurance-global-resilience.html. Accessed September 15, 2026.}\n}"
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        "url": "https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q65Z",
        "indicator": {
          "slug": "life-insurance-premium-growth-real",
          "name": "Life insurance premium growth (real)",
          "definition": "Annual real (inflation-adjusted) growth rate of life insurance premiums."
        },
        "industry": [
          {
            "slug": "insurance",
            "name": "Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security",
            "isic": "K65",
            "is_primary": true
          }
        ],
        "region": {
          "code": "CN",
          "name": "China",
          "type": "country"
        },
        "period": {
          "start": "2023-01-01",
          "end": "2023-12-31",
          "type": "year"
        },
        "value": 12.5,
        "value_text": "12.5%",
        "unit": "percent",
        "currency": null,
        "scale": "1",
        "value_type": "actual",
        "source": {
          "org": "Swiss Re Institute",
          "org_short_name": "Swiss Re",
          "org_url": "https://www.swissre.com",
          "org_tier": 2,
          "document_title": "sigma 3/2024: World insurance: strengthening global resilience with a new lease of life",
          "document_url": "https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-03-world-insurance-global-resilience.html",
          "document_type": "press_release",
          "locator": "Life insurance sector growth 2023, by market",
          "quote": "Emerging market life premiums were up 8.4%, mostly driven by China, where growth recovered to 12.5% from 2.0% in 2022 on the back of strong sales in saving products.",
          "published_date": null,
          "accessed_at": "2026-09-15",
          "license": "see-source",
          "url_status": "ok"
        },
        "verification": "verified",
        "verified_by": "seed:auto-extract-v1",
        "verified_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z",
        "confidence": 0.9,
        "is_secondhand": false,
        "supersedes": null,
        "superseded_by": null,
        "is_current": true,
        "citation": {
          "apa": "Swiss Re Institute. (2023). sigma 3/2024: World insurance: strengthening global resilience with a new lease of life. Retrieved September 15, 2026, from https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-03-world-insurance-global-resilience.html. Via StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q65Z",
          "bibtex": "@misc{swissre2023lifew6q65z,\n  author       = {{Swiss Re Institute}},\n  title        = {sigma 3/2024: World insurance: strengthening global resilience with a new lease of life},\n  year         = {2023},\n  howpublished = {StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org},\n  url          = {https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q65Z},\n  note         = {Original source: https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-03-world-insurance-global-resilience.html. Accessed September 15, 2026.}\n}"
        },
        "updated_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z"
      },
      {
        "id": "stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q660",
        "url": "https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q660",
        "indicator": {
          "slug": "life-insurance-premium-growth-real",
          "name": "Life insurance premium growth (real)",
          "definition": "Annual real (inflation-adjusted) growth rate of life insurance premiums."
        },
        "industry": [
          {
            "slug": "insurance",
            "name": "Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security",
            "isic": "K65",
            "is_primary": true
          }
        ],
        "region": {
          "code": "CN",
          "name": "China",
          "type": "country"
        },
        "period": {
          "start": "2022-01-01",
          "end": "2022-12-31",
          "type": "year"
        },
        "value": 2,
        "value_text": "2.0%",
        "unit": "percent",
        "currency": null,
        "scale": "1",
        "value_type": "actual",
        "source": {
          "org": "Swiss Re Institute",
          "org_short_name": "Swiss Re",
          "org_url": "https://www.swissre.com",
          "org_tier": 2,
          "document_title": "sigma 3/2024: World insurance: strengthening global resilience with a new lease of life",
          "document_url": "https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-03-world-insurance-global-resilience.html",
          "document_type": "press_release",
          "locator": "Life insurance sector growth 2023, by market",
          "quote": "Emerging market life premiums were up 8.4%, mostly driven by China, where growth recovered to 12.5% from 2.0% in 2022 on the back of strong sales in saving products.",
          "published_date": null,
          "accessed_at": "2026-09-15",
          "license": "see-source",
          "url_status": "ok"
        },
        "verification": "verified",
        "verified_by": "seed:auto-extract-v1",
        "verified_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z",
        "confidence": 0.9,
        "is_secondhand": false,
        "supersedes": null,
        "superseded_by": null,
        "is_current": true,
        "citation": {
          "apa": "Swiss Re Institute. (2022). sigma 3/2024: World insurance: strengthening global resilience with a new lease of life. Retrieved September 15, 2026, from https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-03-world-insurance-global-resilience.html. Via StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q660",
          "bibtex": "@misc{swissre2022lifew6q660,\n  author       = {{Swiss Re Institute}},\n  title        = {sigma 3/2024: World insurance: strengthening global resilience with a new lease of life},\n  year         = {2022},\n  howpublished = {StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org},\n  url          = {https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q660},\n  note         = {Original source: https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-03-world-insurance-global-resilience.html. Accessed September 15, 2026.}\n}"
        },
        "updated_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z"
      },
      {
        "id": "stat_01M2KJ7XC8QWZRT4Z8E3V71M3V",
        "url": "https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC8QWZRT4Z8E3V71M3V",
        "indicator": {
          "slug": "life-insurance-premium-growth-real",
          "name": "Life insurance premium growth (real)",
          "definition": "Annual real (inflation-adjusted) growth rate of life insurance premiums."
        },
        "industry": [
          {
            "slug": "insurance",
            "name": "Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security",
            "isic": "K65",
            "is_primary": true
          }
        ],
        "region": {
          "code": "GLOBAL",
          "name": "Global",
          "type": "world"
        },
        "period": {
          "start": "2026-01-01",
          "end": "2027-12-31",
          "type": "year"
        },
        "value": 2.3,
        "value_text": "2.3%",
        "unit": "percent",
        "currency": null,
        "scale": "1",
        "value_type": "forecast",
        "source": {
          "org": "Swiss Re Institute",
          "org_short_name": "Swiss Re",
          "org_url": "https://www.swissre.com",
          "org_tier": 2,
          "document_title": "sigma 5/2025: Shifting sands: global economic and insurance market outlook",
          "document_url": "https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2025-05-global-economic-insurance-outlook-shifting-sands.html",
          "document_type": "press_release",
          "locator": "sigma 5/2025: Shifting sands: Global economic and insurance market outlook",
          "quote": "Global life premium growth, meanwhile, will average an estimated 2.3% over the next two years as demand normalises at above pre-pandemic levels.",
          "published_date": null,
          "accessed_at": "2026-09-15",
          "license": "see-source",
          "url_status": "ok"
        },
        "verification": "verified",
        "verified_by": "seed:auto-extract-v1",
        "verified_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z",
        "confidence": 0.9,
        "is_secondhand": false,
        "supersedes": null,
        "superseded_by": null,
        "is_current": true,
        "citation": {
          "apa": "Swiss Re Institute. (2027). sigma 5/2025: Shifting sands: global economic and insurance market outlook. Retrieved September 15, 2026, from https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2025-05-global-economic-insurance-outlook-shifting-sands.html. Via StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC8QWZRT4Z8E3V71M3V",
          "bibtex": "@misc{swissre2027lifev71m3v,\n  author       = {{Swiss Re Institute}},\n  title        = {sigma 5/2025: Shifting sands: global economic and insurance market outlook},\n  year         = {2027},\n  howpublished = {StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org},\n  url          = {https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC8QWZRT4Z8E3V71M3V},\n  note         = {Original source: https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2025-05-global-economic-insurance-outlook-shifting-sands.html. Accessed September 15, 2026.}\n}"
        },
        "updated_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z"
      },
      {
        "id": "stat_01M2KJ7XC8QWZRT4Z8E3V71M3D",
        "url": "https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC8QWZRT4Z8E3V71M3D",
        "indicator": {
          "slug": "life-insurance-premiums",
          "name": "Life insurance premiums",
          "definition": "Total premium volume of the life insurance industry."
        },
        "industry": [
          {
            "slug": "insurance",
            "name": "Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security",
            "isic": "K65",
            "is_primary": true
          }
        ],
        "region": {
          "code": "GLOBAL",
          "name": "Global",
          "type": "world"
        },
        "period": {
          "start": "2035-01-01",
          "end": "2035-12-31",
          "type": "year"
        },
        "value": 4.8,
        "value_text": "USD 4.8 trillion",
        "unit": "USD",
        "currency": "USD",
        "scale": "trillion",
        "value_type": "forecast",
        "source": {
          "org": "Swiss Re Institute",
          "org_short_name": "Swiss Re",
          "org_url": "https://www.swissre.com",
          "org_tier": 2,
          "document_title": "sigma 5/2024: Global economic and insurance market outlook 2025-26",
          "document_url": "https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-05-global-economic-insurance-outlook-growth-geopolitics.html",
          "document_type": "press_release",
          "locator": "Figure 5: Evolution of life insurance saving and risk premiums in volume (USD bn), left axis, and real growth (%), right axis",
          "quote": "Total global life insurance premiums should reach USD 4.8 trillion by 2035, up from USD 3.1 trillion in 2024, driven by higher interest rates.",
          "published_date": null,
          "accessed_at": "2026-09-15",
          "license": "see-source",
          "url_status": "ok"
        },
        "verification": "verified",
        "verified_by": "seed:auto-extract-v1",
        "verified_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z",
        "confidence": 0.9,
        "is_secondhand": false,
        "supersedes": null,
        "superseded_by": null,
        "is_current": true,
        "citation": {
          "apa": "Swiss Re Institute. (2035). sigma 5/2024: Global economic and insurance market outlook 2025-26. Retrieved September 15, 2026, from https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-05-global-economic-insurance-outlook-growth-geopolitics.html. Via StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC8QWZRT4Z8E3V71M3D",
          "bibtex": "@misc{swissre2035lifev71m3d,\n  author       = {{Swiss Re Institute}},\n  title        = {sigma 5/2024: Global economic and insurance market outlook 2025-26},\n  year         = {2035},\n  howpublished = {StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org},\n  url          = {https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC8QWZRT4Z8E3V71M3D},\n  note         = {Original source: https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-05-global-economic-insurance-outlook-growth-geopolitics.html. Accessed September 15, 2026.}\n}"
        },
        "updated_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z"
      },
      {
        "id": "stat_01M2KJ7XC8QWZRT4Z8E3V71M3E",
        "url": "https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC8QWZRT4Z8E3V71M3E",
        "indicator": {
          "slug": "life-insurance-premiums",
          "name": "Life insurance premiums",
          "definition": "Total premium volume of the life insurance industry."
        },
        "industry": [
          {
            "slug": "insurance",
            "name": "Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security",
            "isic": "K65",
            "is_primary": true
          }
        ],
        "region": {
          "code": "GLOBAL",
          "name": "Global",
          "type": "world"
        },
        "period": {
          "start": "2024-01-01",
          "end": "2024-12-31",
          "type": "year"
        },
        "value": 3.1,
        "value_text": "USD 3.1 trillion",
        "unit": "USD",
        "currency": "USD",
        "scale": "trillion",
        "value_type": "estimate",
        "source": {
          "org": "Swiss Re Institute",
          "org_short_name": "Swiss Re",
          "org_url": "https://www.swissre.com",
          "org_tier": 2,
          "document_title": "sigma 5/2024: Global economic and insurance market outlook 2025-26",
          "document_url": "https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-05-global-economic-insurance-outlook-growth-geopolitics.html",
          "document_type": "press_release",
          "locator": "Figure 5: Evolution of life insurance saving and risk premiums in volume (USD bn), left axis, and real growth (%), right axis",
          "quote": "Total global life insurance premiums should reach USD 4.8 trillion by 2035, up from USD 3.1 trillion in 2024, driven by higher interest rates.",
          "published_date": null,
          "accessed_at": "2026-09-15",
          "license": "see-source",
          "url_status": "ok"
        },
        "verification": "verified",
        "verified_by": "seed:auto-extract-v1",
        "verified_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z",
        "confidence": 0.9,
        "is_secondhand": false,
        "supersedes": null,
        "superseded_by": null,
        "is_current": true,
        "citation": {
          "apa": "Swiss Re Institute. (2024). sigma 5/2024: Global economic and insurance market outlook 2025-26. Retrieved September 15, 2026, from https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-05-global-economic-insurance-outlook-growth-geopolitics.html. Via StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC8QWZRT4Z8E3V71M3E",
          "bibtex": "@misc{swissre2024lifev71m3e,\n  author       = {{Swiss Re Institute}},\n  title        = {sigma 5/2024: Global economic and insurance market outlook 2025-26},\n  year         = {2024},\n  howpublished = {StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org},\n  url          = {https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC8QWZRT4Z8E3V71M3E},\n  note         = {Original source: https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-05-global-economic-insurance-outlook-growth-geopolitics.html. Accessed September 15, 2026.}\n}"
        },
        "updated_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z"
      },
      {
        "id": "stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q65J",
        "url": "https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q65J",
        "indicator": {
          "slug": "life-insurance-profitability-growth",
          "name": "Life insurance profitability growth",
          "definition": "Annual percentage change in the profitability of the life insurance sector."
        },
        "industry": [
          {
            "slug": "insurance",
            "name": "Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security",
            "isic": "K65",
            "is_primary": true
          }
        ],
        "region": {
          "code": "GLOBAL",
          "name": "Global",
          "type": "world"
        },
        "period": {
          "start": "2024-01-01",
          "end": "2024-12-31",
          "type": "year"
        },
        "value": 15,
        "value_text": "15%",
        "unit": "percent",
        "currency": null,
        "scale": "1",
        "value_type": "estimate",
        "source": {
          "org": "Swiss Re Institute",
          "org_short_name": "Swiss Re",
          "org_url": "https://www.swissre.com",
          "org_tier": 2,
          "document_title": "sigma 3/2024: World insurance: strengthening global resilience with a new lease of life",
          "document_url": "https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-03-world-insurance-global-resilience.html",
          "document_type": "press_release",
          "locator": "The key takeaways of this sigma are:",
          "quote": "We estimate an aggregate 15% improvement in profitability for the life insurance sector across major and advanced markets, with an expected uptick in life savings products as a result of stronger investment returns.",
          "published_date": null,
          "accessed_at": "2026-09-15",
          "license": "see-source",
          "url_status": "ok"
        },
        "verification": "verified",
        "verified_by": "seed:auto-extract-v1",
        "verified_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z",
        "confidence": 0.9,
        "is_secondhand": false,
        "supersedes": null,
        "superseded_by": null,
        "is_current": true,
        "citation": {
          "apa": "Swiss Re Institute. (2024). sigma 3/2024: World insurance: strengthening global resilience with a new lease of life. Retrieved September 15, 2026, from https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-03-world-insurance-global-resilience.html. Via StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q65J",
          "bibtex": "@misc{swissre2024lifew6q65j,\n  author       = {{Swiss Re Institute}},\n  title        = {sigma 3/2024: World insurance: strengthening global resilience with a new lease of life},\n  year         = {2024},\n  howpublished = {StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org},\n  url          = {https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q65J},\n  note         = {Original source: https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-03-world-insurance-global-resilience.html. Accessed September 15, 2026.}\n}"
        },
        "updated_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z"
      },
      {
        "id": "stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q63E",
        "url": "https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q63E",
        "indicator": {
          "slug": "life-insurance-savings-premium-cumulative-growth",
          "name": "Life insurance savings premium cumulative growth",
          "definition": "Total cumulative increase in life insurance savings premiums collected over a specified decade."
        },
        "industry": [
          {
            "slug": "insurance",
            "name": "Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security",
            "isic": "K65",
            "is_primary": true
          }
        ],
        "region": {
          "code": "GLOBAL",
          "name": "Global",
          "type": "world"
        },
        "period": {
          "start": "2010-01-01",
          "end": "2019-12-31",
          "type": "year"
        },
        "value": 300,
        "value_text": "USD 300 billion",
        "unit": "USD",
        "currency": "USD",
        "scale": "billion",
        "value_type": "actual",
        "source": {
          "org": "Swiss Re Institute",
          "org_short_name": "Swiss Re",
          "org_url": "https://www.swissre.com",
          "org_tier": 2,
          "document_title": "sigma 2/2024: Life insurance in the higher interest rate era",
          "document_url": "https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-02-life-annuity-insurance.html",
          "document_type": "press_release",
          "locator": "Figure 3. Retirement savings gap in 2022 values, USD trillion",
          "quote": "After only USD 300 billion of premium growth in the entire decade 2010–2019, we predict life insurers will gain USD 1.5 trillion of savings premiums in the 10 years from 2025, to reach USD 4 trillion savings premiums by 2034.",
          "published_date": null,
          "accessed_at": "2026-09-15",
          "license": "see-source",
          "url_status": "ok"
        },
        "verification": "verified",
        "verified_by": "seed:auto-extract-v1",
        "verified_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z",
        "confidence": 0.9,
        "is_secondhand": false,
        "supersedes": null,
        "superseded_by": null,
        "is_current": true,
        "citation": {
          "apa": "Swiss Re Institute. (2019). sigma 2/2024: Life insurance in the higher interest rate era. Retrieved September 15, 2026, from https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-02-life-annuity-insurance.html. Via StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q63E",
          "bibtex": "@misc{swissre2019lifew6q63e,\n  author       = {{Swiss Re Institute}},\n  title        = {sigma 2/2024: Life insurance in the higher interest rate era},\n  year         = {2019},\n  howpublished = {StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org},\n  url          = {https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q63E},\n  note         = {Original source: https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-02-life-annuity-insurance.html. Accessed September 15, 2026.}\n}"
        },
        "updated_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z"
      },
      {
        "id": "stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q63F",
        "url": "https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q63F",
        "indicator": {
          "slug": "life-insurance-savings-premium-cumulative-growth",
          "name": "Life insurance savings premium cumulative growth",
          "definition": "Total cumulative increase in life insurance savings premiums collected over a specified decade."
        },
        "industry": [
          {
            "slug": "insurance",
            "name": "Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security",
            "isic": "K65",
            "is_primary": true
          }
        ],
        "region": {
          "code": "GLOBAL",
          "name": "Global",
          "type": "world"
        },
        "period": {
          "start": "2025-01-01",
          "end": "2034-12-31",
          "type": "year"
        },
        "value": 1.5,
        "value_text": "USD 1.5 trillion",
        "unit": "USD",
        "currency": "USD",
        "scale": "trillion",
        "value_type": "forecast",
        "source": {
          "org": "Swiss Re Institute",
          "org_short_name": "Swiss Re",
          "org_url": "https://www.swissre.com",
          "org_tier": 2,
          "document_title": "sigma 2/2024: Life insurance in the higher interest rate era",
          "document_url": "https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-02-life-annuity-insurance.html",
          "document_type": "press_release",
          "locator": "Figure 3. Retirement savings gap in 2022 values, USD trillion",
          "quote": "After only USD 300 billion of premium growth in the entire decade 2010–2019, we predict life insurers will gain USD 1.5 trillion of savings premiums in the 10 years from 2025, to reach USD 4 trillion savings premiums by 2034.",
          "published_date": null,
          "accessed_at": "2026-09-15",
          "license": "see-source",
          "url_status": "ok"
        },
        "verification": "verified",
        "verified_by": "seed:auto-extract-v1",
        "verified_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z",
        "confidence": 0.9,
        "is_secondhand": false,
        "supersedes": null,
        "superseded_by": null,
        "is_current": true,
        "citation": {
          "apa": "Swiss Re Institute. (2034). sigma 2/2024: Life insurance in the higher interest rate era. Retrieved September 15, 2026, from https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-02-life-annuity-insurance.html. Via StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q63F",
          "bibtex": "@misc{swissre2034lifew6q63f,\n  author       = {{Swiss Re Institute}},\n  title        = {sigma 2/2024: Life insurance in the higher interest rate era},\n  year         = {2034},\n  howpublished = {StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org},\n  url          = {https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q63F},\n  note         = {Original source: https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-02-life-annuity-insurance.html. Accessed September 15, 2026.}\n}"
        },
        "updated_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z"
      },
      {
        "id": "stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q63G",
        "url": "https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q63G",
        "indicator": {
          "slug": "life-insurance-savings-premiums",
          "name": "Life insurance savings premiums",
          "definition": "Total annual volume of life insurance savings premiums collected by the insurance industry."
        },
        "industry": [
          {
            "slug": "insurance",
            "name": "Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security",
            "isic": "K65",
            "is_primary": true
          }
        ],
        "region": {
          "code": "GLOBAL",
          "name": "Global",
          "type": "world"
        },
        "period": {
          "start": "2034-01-01",
          "end": "2034-12-31",
          "type": "year"
        },
        "value": 4,
        "value_text": "USD 4 trillion",
        "unit": "USD",
        "currency": "USD",
        "scale": "trillion",
        "value_type": "forecast",
        "source": {
          "org": "Swiss Re Institute",
          "org_short_name": "Swiss Re",
          "org_url": "https://www.swissre.com",
          "org_tier": 2,
          "document_title": "sigma 2/2024: Life insurance in the higher interest rate era",
          "document_url": "https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-02-life-annuity-insurance.html",
          "document_type": "press_release",
          "locator": "Figure 3. Retirement savings gap in 2022 values, USD trillion",
          "quote": "After only USD 300 billion of premium growth in the entire decade 2010–2019, we predict life insurers will gain USD 1.5 trillion of savings premiums in the 10 years from 2025, to reach USD 4 trillion savings premiums by 2034.",
          "published_date": null,
          "accessed_at": "2026-09-15",
          "license": "see-source",
          "url_status": "ok"
        },
        "verification": "verified",
        "verified_by": "seed:auto-extract-v1",
        "verified_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z",
        "confidence": 0.9,
        "is_secondhand": false,
        "supersedes": null,
        "superseded_by": null,
        "is_current": true,
        "citation": {
          "apa": "Swiss Re Institute. (2034). sigma 2/2024: Life insurance in the higher interest rate era. Retrieved September 15, 2026, from https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-02-life-annuity-insurance.html. Via StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q63G",
          "bibtex": "@misc{swissre2034lifew6q63g,\n  author       = {{Swiss Re Institute}},\n  title        = {sigma 2/2024: Life insurance in the higher interest rate era},\n  year         = {2034},\n  howpublished = {StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org},\n  url          = {https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q63G},\n  note         = {Original source: https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-02-life-annuity-insurance.html. Accessed September 15, 2026.}\n}"
        },
        "updated_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z"
      },
      {
        "id": "stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q63C",
        "url": "https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q63C",
        "indicator": {
          "slug": "life-insurance-savings-real-premium-growth-rate",
          "name": "Life insurance savings real premium growth rate",
          "definition": "Average annual inflation-adjusted growth rate of life insurance savings premiums."
        },
        "industry": [
          {
            "slug": "insurance",
            "name": "Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security",
            "isic": "K65",
            "is_primary": true
          }
        ],
        "region": {
          "code": "GLOBAL",
          "name": "Global",
          "type": "world"
        },
        "period": {
          "start": "2010-01-01",
          "end": "2019-12-31",
          "type": "year"
        },
        "value": 1.1,
        "value_text": "1.1%",
        "unit": "percent",
        "currency": null,
        "scale": "1",
        "value_type": "actual",
        "source": {
          "org": "Swiss Re Institute",
          "org_short_name": "Swiss Re",
          "org_url": "https://www.swissre.com",
          "org_tier": 2,
          "document_title": "sigma 2/2024: Life insurance in the higher interest rate era",
          "document_url": "https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-02-life-annuity-insurance.html",
          "document_type": "press_release",
          "locator": "Figure 1. Life insurer operating results and investment return, eight key markets, 2021‒27F",
          "quote": "Real premium growth for saving business fell below global economic growth in the decade after the global financial crisis, to just 1.1% annually on average.",
          "published_date": null,
          "accessed_at": "2026-09-15",
          "license": "see-source",
          "url_status": "ok"
        },
        "verification": "verified",
        "verified_by": "seed:auto-extract-v1",
        "verified_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z",
        "confidence": 0.9,
        "is_secondhand": false,
        "supersedes": null,
        "superseded_by": null,
        "is_current": true,
        "citation": {
          "apa": "Swiss Re Institute. (2019). sigma 2/2024: Life insurance in the higher interest rate era. Retrieved September 15, 2026, from https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-02-life-annuity-insurance.html. Via StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q63C",
          "bibtex": "@misc{swissre2019lifew6q63c,\n  author       = {{Swiss Re Institute}},\n  title        = {sigma 2/2024: Life insurance in the higher interest rate era},\n  year         = {2019},\n  howpublished = {StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org},\n  url          = {https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q63C},\n  note         = {Original source: https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-02-life-annuity-insurance.html. Accessed September 15, 2026.}\n}"
        },
        "updated_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z"
      },
      {
        "id": "stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q63B",
        "url": "https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q63B",
        "indicator": {
          "slug": "life-insurer-investment-income-growth",
          "name": "Life insurer investment income growth",
          "definition": "Projected percentage increase in investment income earned by life insurers over a five-year period."
        },
        "industry": [
          {
            "slug": "insurance",
            "name": "Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security",
            "isic": "K65",
            "is_primary": true
          }
        ],
        "region": {
          "code": "GLOBAL",
          "name": "Global",
          "type": "world"
        },
        "period": {
          "start": "2023-01-01",
          "end": "2027-12-31",
          "type": "year"
        },
        "value": 40,
        "value_text": "40%",
        "unit": "percent",
        "currency": null,
        "scale": "1",
        "value_type": "forecast",
        "source": {
          "org": "Swiss Re Institute",
          "org_short_name": "Swiss Re",
          "org_url": "https://www.swissre.com",
          "org_tier": 2,
          "document_title": "sigma 2/2024: Life insurance in the higher interest rate era",
          "document_url": "https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-02-life-annuity-insurance.html",
          "document_type": "press_release",
          "locator": "Three key takeaways on the retirement savings boom",
          "quote": "We expect the operating result for insurers in the largest eight life markets to rise by more than 60% in the five years to 2027, as investment income rises by 40%.",
          "published_date": null,
          "accessed_at": "2026-09-15",
          "license": "see-source",
          "url_status": "ok"
        },
        "verification": "verified",
        "verified_by": "seed:auto-extract-v1",
        "verified_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z",
        "confidence": 0.9,
        "is_secondhand": false,
        "supersedes": null,
        "superseded_by": null,
        "is_current": true,
        "citation": {
          "apa": "Swiss Re Institute. (2027). sigma 2/2024: Life insurance in the higher interest rate era. Retrieved September 15, 2026, from https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-02-life-annuity-insurance.html. Via StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q63B",
          "bibtex": "@misc{swissre2027lifew6q63b,\n  author       = {{Swiss Re Institute}},\n  title        = {sigma 2/2024: Life insurance in the higher interest rate era},\n  year         = {2027},\n  howpublished = {StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org},\n  url          = {https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q63B},\n  note         = {Original source: https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-02-life-annuity-insurance.html. Accessed September 15, 2026.}\n}"
        },
        "updated_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z"
      },
      {
        "id": "stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q63A",
        "url": "https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q63A",
        "indicator": {
          "slug": "life-insurer-operating-result-growth",
          "name": "Life insurer operating result growth",
          "definition": "Projected cumulative percentage growth in life insurers' operating results over a five-year period."
        },
        "industry": [
          {
            "slug": "insurance",
            "name": "Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security",
            "isic": "K65",
            "is_primary": true
          }
        ],
        "region": {
          "code": "GLOBAL",
          "name": "Global",
          "type": "world"
        },
        "period": {
          "start": "2023-01-01",
          "end": "2027-12-31",
          "type": "year"
        },
        "value": 60,
        "value_text": "60%",
        "unit": "percent",
        "currency": null,
        "scale": "1",
        "value_type": "forecast",
        "source": {
          "org": "Swiss Re Institute",
          "org_short_name": "Swiss Re",
          "org_url": "https://www.swissre.com",
          "org_tier": 2,
          "document_title": "sigma 2/2024: Life insurance in the higher interest rate era",
          "document_url": "https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-02-life-annuity-insurance.html",
          "document_type": "press_release",
          "locator": "Three key takeaways on the retirement savings boom",
          "quote": "We expect the operating result for insurers in the largest eight life markets to rise by more than 60% in the five years to 2027, as investment income rises by 40%.",
          "published_date": null,
          "accessed_at": "2026-09-15",
          "license": "see-source",
          "url_status": "ok"
        },
        "verification": "verified",
        "verified_by": "seed:auto-extract-v1",
        "verified_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z",
        "confidence": 0.9,
        "is_secondhand": false,
        "supersedes": null,
        "superseded_by": null,
        "is_current": true,
        "citation": {
          "apa": "Swiss Re Institute. (2027). sigma 2/2024: Life insurance in the higher interest rate era. Retrieved September 15, 2026, from https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-02-life-annuity-insurance.html. Via StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q63A",
          "bibtex": "@misc{swissre2027lifew6q63a,\n  author       = {{Swiss Re Institute}},\n  title        = {sigma 2/2024: Life insurance in the higher interest rate era},\n  year         = {2027},\n  howpublished = {StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org},\n  url          = {https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q63A},\n  note         = {Original source: https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-02-life-annuity-insurance.html. Accessed September 15, 2026.}\n}"
        },
        "updated_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z"
      },
      {
        "id": "stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q647",
        "url": "https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q647",
        "indicator": {
          "slug": "mortality-insurance-protection-gap",
          "name": "Mortality insurance protection gap",
          "definition": "Uninsured portion of resources needed to fully mitigate mortality risk, measured in premium equivalent terms."
        },
        "industry": [
          {
            "slug": "insurance",
            "name": "Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security",
            "isic": "K65",
            "is_primary": true
          }
        ],
        "region": {
          "code": "GLOBAL",
          "name": "Global",
          "type": "world"
        },
        "period": {
          "start": "2023-01-01",
          "end": "2023-12-31",
          "type": "year"
        },
        "value": 414,
        "value_text": "USD 414 billion",
        "unit": "USD",
        "currency": "USD",
        "scale": "billion",
        "value_type": "actual",
        "source": {
          "org": "Swiss Re Institute",
          "org_short_name": "Swiss Re",
          "org_url": "https://www.swissre.com",
          "org_tier": 2,
          "document_title": "sigma Resilience Index 2024: Encouraging resilience gains, but more is needed",
          "document_url": "https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/natural-catastrophe-insurance-global-resilience-index-2024.html",
          "document_type": "press_release",
          "locator": "Insurance resilience",
          "quote": "The mortality protection gap was flat year-on-year at USD 414 billion in premium equivalent terms in 2023, after China’s protection gap declined.",
          "published_date": null,
          "accessed_at": "2026-09-15",
          "license": "see-source",
          "url_status": "ok"
        },
        "verification": "verified",
        "verified_by": "seed:auto-extract-v1",
        "verified_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z",
        "confidence": 0.9,
        "is_secondhand": false,
        "supersedes": null,
        "superseded_by": null,
        "is_current": true,
        "citation": {
          "apa": "Swiss Re Institute. (2023). sigma Resilience Index 2024: Encouraging resilience gains, but more is needed. Retrieved September 15, 2026, from https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/natural-catastrophe-insurance-global-resilience-index-2024.html. Via StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q647",
          "bibtex": "@misc{swissre2023mortalityw6q647,\n  author       = {{Swiss Re Institute}},\n  title        = {sigma Resilience Index 2024: Encouraging resilience gains, but more is needed},\n  year         = {2023},\n  howpublished = {StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org},\n  url          = {https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q647},\n  note         = {Original source: https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/natural-catastrophe-insurance-global-resilience-index-2024.html. Accessed September 15, 2026.}\n}"
        },
        "updated_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z"
      },
      {
        "id": "stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q649",
        "url": "https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q649",
        "indicator": {
          "slug": "mortality-insurance-protection-gap",
          "name": "Mortality insurance protection gap",
          "definition": "Uninsured portion of resources needed to fully mitigate mortality risk, measured in premium equivalent terms."
        },
        "industry": [
          {
            "slug": "insurance",
            "name": "Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security",
            "isic": "K65",
            "is_primary": true
          }
        ],
        "region": {
          "code": "CN",
          "name": "China",
          "type": "country"
        },
        "period": {
          "start": "2023-01-01",
          "end": "2023-12-31",
          "type": "year"
        },
        "value": 73.6,
        "value_text": "USD 73.6 billion",
        "unit": "USD",
        "currency": "USD",
        "scale": "billion",
        "value_type": "actual",
        "source": {
          "org": "Swiss Re Institute",
          "org_short_name": "Swiss Re",
          "org_url": "https://www.swissre.com",
          "org_tier": 2,
          "document_title": "sigma Resilience Index 2024: Encouraging resilience gains, but more is needed",
          "document_url": "https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/natural-catastrophe-insurance-global-resilience-index-2024.html",
          "document_type": "press_release",
          "locator": "Mortality resilience in China: life insurance is a key driver",
          "quote": "China’s mortality protection gap narrowed by 6% year-on-year to USD 73.6 billion in premium equivalent terms in 2023, driving its resilience index up to 38.3% from 36.0% in 2022.",
          "published_date": null,
          "accessed_at": "2026-09-15",
          "license": "see-source",
          "url_status": "ok"
        },
        "verification": "verified",
        "verified_by": "seed:auto-extract-v1",
        "verified_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z",
        "confidence": 0.9,
        "is_secondhand": false,
        "supersedes": null,
        "superseded_by": null,
        "is_current": true,
        "citation": {
          "apa": "Swiss Re Institute. (2023). sigma Resilience Index 2024: Encouraging resilience gains, but more is needed. Retrieved September 15, 2026, from https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/natural-catastrophe-insurance-global-resilience-index-2024.html. Via StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q649",
          "bibtex": "@misc{swissre2023mortalityw6q649,\n  author       = {{Swiss Re Institute}},\n  title        = {sigma Resilience Index 2024: Encouraging resilience gains, but more is needed},\n  year         = {2023},\n  howpublished = {StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org},\n  url          = {https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q649},\n  note         = {Original source: https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/natural-catastrophe-insurance-global-resilience-index-2024.html. Accessed September 15, 2026.}\n}"
        },
        "updated_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z"
      },
      {
        "id": "stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q648",
        "url": "https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q648",
        "indicator": {
          "slug": "mortality-insurance-protection-gap-change",
          "name": "Mortality insurance protection gap change",
          "definition": "Year-on-year percentage change of the mortality insurance protection gap in premium equivalent terms."
        },
        "industry": [
          {
            "slug": "insurance",
            "name": "Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security",
            "isic": "K65",
            "is_primary": true
          }
        ],
        "region": {
          "code": "CN",
          "name": "China",
          "type": "country"
        },
        "period": {
          "start": "2023-01-01",
          "end": "2023-12-31",
          "type": "year"
        },
        "value": 6,
        "value_text": "6%",
        "unit": "percent",
        "currency": null,
        "scale": "1",
        "value_type": "actual",
        "source": {
          "org": "Swiss Re Institute",
          "org_short_name": "Swiss Re",
          "org_url": "https://www.swissre.com",
          "org_tier": 2,
          "document_title": "sigma Resilience Index 2024: Encouraging resilience gains, but more is needed",
          "document_url": "https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/natural-catastrophe-insurance-global-resilience-index-2024.html",
          "document_type": "press_release",
          "locator": "Mortality resilience in China: life insurance is a key driver",
          "quote": "China’s mortality protection gap narrowed by 6% year-on-year to USD 73.6 billion in premium equivalent terms in 2023, driving its resilience index up to 38.3% from 36.0% in 2022.",
          "published_date": null,
          "accessed_at": "2026-09-15",
          "license": "see-source",
          "url_status": "ok"
        },
        "verification": "verified",
        "verified_by": "seed:auto-extract-v1",
        "verified_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z",
        "confidence": 0.9,
        "is_secondhand": false,
        "supersedes": null,
        "superseded_by": null,
        "is_current": true,
        "citation": {
          "apa": "Swiss Re Institute. (2023). sigma Resilience Index 2024: Encouraging resilience gains, but more is needed. Retrieved September 15, 2026, from https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/natural-catastrophe-insurance-global-resilience-index-2024.html. Via StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q648",
          "bibtex": "@misc{swissre2023mortalityw6q648,\n  author       = {{Swiss Re Institute}},\n  title        = {sigma Resilience Index 2024: Encouraging resilience gains, but more is needed},\n  year         = {2023},\n  howpublished = {StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org},\n  url          = {https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q648},\n  note         = {Original source: https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/natural-catastrophe-insurance-global-resilience-index-2024.html. Accessed September 15, 2026.}\n}"
        },
        "updated_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z"
      },
      {
        "id": "stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q645",
        "url": "https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q645",
        "indicator": {
          "slug": "mortality-insurance-resilience-index",
          "name": "Mortality insurance resilience index",
          "definition": "Metric measuring how life insurance contributes to protecting households' financial stability against mortality risk."
        },
        "industry": [
          {
            "slug": "insurance",
            "name": "Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security",
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            "is_primary": true
          }
        ],
        "region": {
          "code": "GLOBAL",
          "name": "Global",
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        },
        "period": {
          "start": "2023-01-01",
          "end": "2023-12-31",
          "type": "year"
        },
        "value": 44.4,
        "value_text": "44.4%",
        "unit": "percent",
        "currency": null,
        "scale": "1",
        "value_type": "actual",
        "source": {
          "org": "Swiss Re Institute",
          "org_short_name": "Swiss Re",
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          "org_tier": 2,
          "document_title": "sigma Resilience Index 2024: Encouraging resilience gains, but more is needed",
          "document_url": "https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/natural-catastrophe-insurance-global-resilience-index-2024.html",
          "document_type": "press_release",
          "locator": "Insurance resilience",
          "quote": "Global mortality resilience improved year-on-year in 2023, to 44.4%, but is still slightly below the 46.5% score of 10 years ago.",
          "published_date": null,
          "accessed_at": "2026-09-15",
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        },
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        "verified_by": "seed:auto-extract-v1",
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        "superseded_by": null,
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        "citation": {
          "apa": "Swiss Re Institute. (2023). sigma Resilience Index 2024: Encouraging resilience gains, but more is needed. Retrieved September 15, 2026, from https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/natural-catastrophe-insurance-global-resilience-index-2024.html. Via StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q645",
          "bibtex": "@misc{swissre2023mortalityw6q645,\n  author       = {{Swiss Re Institute}},\n  title        = {sigma Resilience Index 2024: Encouraging resilience gains, but more is needed},\n  year         = {2023},\n  howpublished = {StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org},\n  url          = {https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q645},\n  note         = {Original source: https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/natural-catastrophe-insurance-global-resilience-index-2024.html. Accessed September 15, 2026.}\n}"
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        "updated_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z"
      },
      {
        "id": "stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q646",
        "url": "https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q646",
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          "slug": "mortality-insurance-resilience-index",
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          "definition": "Metric measuring how life insurance contributes to protecting households' financial stability against mortality risk."
        },
        "industry": [
          {
            "slug": "insurance",
            "name": "Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security",
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            "is_primary": true
          }
        ],
        "region": {
          "code": "GLOBAL",
          "name": "Global",
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        },
        "period": {
          "start": "2013-01-01",
          "end": "2013-12-31",
          "type": "year"
        },
        "value": 46.5,
        "value_text": "46.5%",
        "unit": "percent",
        "currency": null,
        "scale": "1",
        "value_type": "actual",
        "source": {
          "org": "Swiss Re Institute",
          "org_short_name": "Swiss Re",
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          "org_tier": 2,
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          "document_url": "https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/natural-catastrophe-insurance-global-resilience-index-2024.html",
          "document_type": "press_release",
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          "quote": "Global mortality resilience improved year-on-year in 2023, to 44.4%, but is still slightly below the 46.5% score of 10 years ago.",
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          "accessed_at": "2026-09-15",
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          "url_status": "ok"
        },
        "verification": "verified",
        "verified_by": "seed:auto-extract-v1",
        "verified_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z",
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        "is_secondhand": false,
        "supersedes": null,
        "superseded_by": null,
        "is_current": true,
        "citation": {
          "apa": "Swiss Re Institute. (2013). sigma Resilience Index 2024: Encouraging resilience gains, but more is needed. Retrieved September 15, 2026, from https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/natural-catastrophe-insurance-global-resilience-index-2024.html. Via StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q646",
          "bibtex": "@misc{swissre2013mortalityw6q646,\n  author       = {{Swiss Re Institute}},\n  title        = {sigma Resilience Index 2024: Encouraging resilience gains, but more is needed},\n  year         = {2013},\n  howpublished = {StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org},\n  url          = {https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q646},\n  note         = {Original source: https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/natural-catastrophe-insurance-global-resilience-index-2024.html. Accessed September 15, 2026.}\n}"
        },
        "updated_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z"
      },
      {
        "id": "stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q64A",
        "url": "https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q64A",
        "indicator": {
          "slug": "mortality-insurance-resilience-index",
          "name": "Mortality insurance resilience index",
          "definition": "Metric measuring how life insurance contributes to protecting households' financial stability against mortality risk."
        },
        "industry": [
          {
            "slug": "insurance",
            "name": "Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security",
            "isic": "K65",
            "is_primary": true
          }
        ],
        "region": {
          "code": "CN",
          "name": "China",
          "type": "country"
        },
        "period": {
          "start": "2023-01-01",
          "end": "2023-12-31",
          "type": "year"
        },
        "value": 38.3,
        "value_text": "38.3%",
        "unit": "percent",
        "currency": null,
        "scale": "1",
        "value_type": "actual",
        "source": {
          "org": "Swiss Re Institute",
          "org_short_name": "Swiss Re",
          "org_url": "https://www.swissre.com",
          "org_tier": 2,
          "document_title": "sigma Resilience Index 2024: Encouraging resilience gains, but more is needed",
          "document_url": "https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/natural-catastrophe-insurance-global-resilience-index-2024.html",
          "document_type": "press_release",
          "locator": "Mortality resilience in China: life insurance is a key driver",
          "quote": "China’s mortality protection gap narrowed by 6% year-on-year to USD 73.6 billion in premium equivalent terms in 2023, driving its resilience index up to 38.3% from 36.0% in 2022.",
          "published_date": null,
          "accessed_at": "2026-09-15",
          "license": "see-source",
          "url_status": "ok"
        },
        "verification": "verified",
        "verified_by": "seed:auto-extract-v1",
        "verified_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z",
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        "is_secondhand": false,
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        "superseded_by": null,
        "is_current": true,
        "citation": {
          "apa": "Swiss Re Institute. (2023). sigma Resilience Index 2024: Encouraging resilience gains, but more is needed. Retrieved September 15, 2026, from https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/natural-catastrophe-insurance-global-resilience-index-2024.html. Via StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q64A",
          "bibtex": "@misc{swissre2023mortalityw6q64a,\n  author       = {{Swiss Re Institute}},\n  title        = {sigma Resilience Index 2024: Encouraging resilience gains, but more is needed},\n  year         = {2023},\n  howpublished = {StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org},\n  url          = {https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q64A},\n  note         = {Original source: https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/natural-catastrophe-insurance-global-resilience-index-2024.html. Accessed September 15, 2026.}\n}"
        },
        "updated_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z"
      },
      {
        "id": "stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q64B",
        "url": "https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q64B",
        "indicator": {
          "slug": "mortality-insurance-resilience-index",
          "name": "Mortality insurance resilience index",
          "definition": "Metric measuring how life insurance contributes to protecting households' financial stability against mortality risk."
        },
        "industry": [
          {
            "slug": "insurance",
            "name": "Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security",
            "isic": "K65",
            "is_primary": true
          }
        ],
        "region": {
          "code": "CN",
          "name": "China",
          "type": "country"
        },
        "period": {
          "start": "2022-01-01",
          "end": "2022-12-31",
          "type": "year"
        },
        "value": 36,
        "value_text": "36.0%",
        "unit": "percent",
        "currency": null,
        "scale": "1",
        "value_type": "actual",
        "source": {
          "org": "Swiss Re Institute",
          "org_short_name": "Swiss Re",
          "org_url": "https://www.swissre.com",
          "org_tier": 2,
          "document_title": "sigma Resilience Index 2024: Encouraging resilience gains, but more is needed",
          "document_url": "https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/natural-catastrophe-insurance-global-resilience-index-2024.html",
          "document_type": "press_release",
          "locator": "Mortality resilience in China: life insurance is a key driver",
          "quote": "China’s mortality protection gap narrowed by 6% year-on-year to USD 73.6 billion in premium equivalent terms in 2023, driving its resilience index up to 38.3% from 36.0% in 2022.",
          "published_date": null,
          "accessed_at": "2026-09-15",
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          "url_status": "ok"
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        "verification": "verified",
        "verified_by": "seed:auto-extract-v1",
        "verified_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z",
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        "is_secondhand": false,
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        "superseded_by": null,
        "is_current": true,
        "citation": {
          "apa": "Swiss Re Institute. (2022). sigma Resilience Index 2024: Encouraging resilience gains, but more is needed. Retrieved September 15, 2026, from https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/natural-catastrophe-insurance-global-resilience-index-2024.html. Via StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q64B",
          "bibtex": "@misc{swissre2022mortalityw6q64b,\n  author       = {{Swiss Re Institute}},\n  title        = {sigma Resilience Index 2024: Encouraging resilience gains, but more is needed},\n  year         = {2022},\n  howpublished = {StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org},\n  url          = {https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q64B},\n  note         = {Original source: https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/natural-catastrophe-insurance-global-resilience-index-2024.html. Accessed September 15, 2026.}\n}"
        },
        "updated_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z"
      },
      {
        "id": "stat_01M2KJ7XC8QWZRT4Z8E3V71M3J",
        "url": "https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC8QWZRT4Z8E3V71M3J",
        "indicator": {
          "slug": "natural-catastrophe-economic-losses",
          "name": "Natural catastrophe economic losses (year to date)",
          "definition": "Total direct economic losses caused by natural catastrophe and disaster events."
        },
        "industry": [
          {
            "slug": "insurance",
            "name": "Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security",
            "isic": "K65",
            "is_primary": true
          }
        ],
        "region": {
          "code": "GLOBAL",
          "name": "Global",
          "type": "world"
        },
        "period": {
          "start": "2024-01-01",
          "end": "2024-12-31",
          "type": "year"
        },
        "value": 318,
        "value_text": "USD 318 billion",
        "unit": "USD",
        "currency": "USD",
        "scale": "billion",
        "value_type": "actual",
        "source": {
          "org": "Swiss Re Institute",
          "org_short_name": "Swiss Re",
          "org_url": "https://www.swissre.com",
          "org_tier": 2,
          "document_title": "sigma 1/2025: Natural catastrophes: insured losses on trend to USD 145 billion in 2025",
          "document_url": "https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2025-01-natural-catastrophes-trend.html",
          "document_type": "press_release",
          "locator": "Figure 1: Natural catastrophes in 2024: in a nutshell",
          "quote": "Economic losses from disaster events in 2024 were USD 318 billion, of which 57% were uninsured.",
          "published_date": null,
          "accessed_at": "2026-09-15",
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          "url_status": "ok"
        },
        "verification": "verified",
        "verified_by": "seed:auto-extract-v1",
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        "is_secondhand": false,
        "supersedes": null,
        "superseded_by": null,
        "is_current": true,
        "citation": {
          "apa": "Swiss Re Institute. (2024). sigma 1/2025: Natural catastrophes: insured losses on trend to USD 145 billion in 2025. Retrieved September 15, 2026, from https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2025-01-natural-catastrophes-trend.html. Via StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC8QWZRT4Z8E3V71M3J",
          "bibtex": "@misc{swissre2024naturalv71m3j,\n  author       = {{Swiss Re Institute}},\n  title        = {sigma 1/2025: Natural catastrophes: insured losses on trend to USD 145 billion in 2025},\n  year         = {2024},\n  howpublished = {StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org},\n  url          = {https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC8QWZRT4Z8E3V71M3J},\n  note         = {Original source: https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2025-01-natural-catastrophes-trend.html. Accessed September 15, 2026.}\n}"
        },
        "updated_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z"
      },
      {
        "id": "stat_01M2KJ7XC8QWZRT4Z8E3V71M42",
        "url": "https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC8QWZRT4Z8E3V71M42",
        "indicator": {
          "slug": "natural-catastrophe-economic-losses",
          "name": "Natural catastrophe economic losses (year to date)",
          "definition": "Total direct economic losses caused by natural catastrophe and disaster events."
        },
        "industry": [
          {
            "slug": "insurance",
            "name": "Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security",
            "isic": "K65",
            "is_primary": true
          }
        ],
        "region": {
          "code": "GLOBAL",
          "name": "Global",
          "type": "world"
        },
        "period": {
          "start": "2023-01-01",
          "end": "2023-12-31",
          "type": "year"
        },
        "value": 280,
        "value_text": "USD 280 billion",
        "unit": "USD",
        "currency": "USD",
        "scale": "billion",
        "value_type": "actual",
        "source": {
          "org": "Swiss Re Institute",
          "org_short_name": "Swiss Re",
          "org_url": "https://www.swissre.com",
          "org_tier": 2,
          "document_title": "sigma 1/2024: Natural catastrophes in 2023",
          "document_url": "https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-01.html",
          "document_type": "press_release",
          "locator": "sigma 01/2024: Natural catastrophes in 2023",
          "quote": "In 2023, natural catastrophes resulted in economic losses of USD 280 billion.",
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          "accessed_at": "2026-09-15",
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          "url_status": "ok"
        },
        "verification": "verified",
        "verified_by": "seed:auto-extract-v1",
        "verified_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z",
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        "is_secondhand": false,
        "supersedes": null,
        "superseded_by": null,
        "is_current": true,
        "citation": {
          "apa": "Swiss Re Institute. (2023). sigma 1/2024: Natural catastrophes in 2023. Retrieved September 15, 2026, from https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-01.html. Via StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC8QWZRT4Z8E3V71M42",
          "bibtex": "@misc{swissre2023naturalv71m42,\n  author       = {{Swiss Re Institute}},\n  title        = {sigma 1/2024: Natural catastrophes in 2023},\n  year         = {2023},\n  howpublished = {StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org},\n  url          = {https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC8QWZRT4Z8E3V71M42},\n  note         = {Original source: https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-01.html. Accessed September 15, 2026.}\n}"
        },
        "updated_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z"
      },
      {
        "id": "stat_01M2KJ7XC8QWZRT4Z8E3V71M44",
        "url": "https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC8QWZRT4Z8E3V71M44",
        "indicator": {
          "slug": "natural-catastrophe-insurance-coverage-rate",
          "name": "Natural catastrophe insurance coverage rate",
          "definition": "The percentage of economic losses caused by natural catastrophes that is covered by insurance."
        },
        "industry": [
          {
            "slug": "insurance",
            "name": "Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security",
            "isic": "K65",
            "is_primary": true
          }
        ],
        "region": {
          "code": "GLOBAL",
          "name": "Global",
          "type": "world"
        },
        "period": {
          "start": "2023-01-01",
          "end": "2023-12-31",
          "type": "year"
        },
        "value": 40,
        "value_text": "40%",
        "unit": "percent",
        "currency": null,
        "scale": "1",
        "value_type": "actual",
        "source": {
          "org": "Swiss Re Institute",
          "org_short_name": "Swiss Re",
          "org_url": "https://www.swissre.com",
          "org_tier": 2,
          "document_title": "sigma 1/2024: Natural catastrophes in 2023",
          "document_url": "https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-01.html",
          "document_type": "press_release",
          "locator": "sigma 01/2024: Natural catastrophes in 2023",
          "quote": "Of these USD 108 billion (40%) were covered by insurance, above the previous 10-year average of USD 89 billion.",
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          "accessed_at": "2026-09-15",
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          "url_status": "ok"
        },
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        "verified_by": "seed:auto-extract-v1",
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        "citation": {
          "apa": "Swiss Re Institute. (2023). sigma 1/2024: Natural catastrophes in 2023. Retrieved September 15, 2026, from https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-01.html. Via StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC8QWZRT4Z8E3V71M44",
          "bibtex": "@misc{swissre2023naturalv71m44,\n  author       = {{Swiss Re Institute}},\n  title        = {sigma 1/2024: Natural catastrophes in 2023},\n  year         = {2023},\n  howpublished = {StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org},\n  url          = {https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC8QWZRT4Z8E3V71M44},\n  note         = {Original source: https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-01.html. Accessed September 15, 2026.}\n}"
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        "id": "stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q640",
        "url": "https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q640",
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          "slug": "natural-catastrophe-insurance-protection-gap",
          "name": "Natural catastrophe insurance protection gap",
          "definition": "Uninsured portion of resources needed to fully mitigate natural catastrophe risk, measured in premium equivalent terms."
        },
        "industry": [
          {
            "slug": "insurance",
            "name": "Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security",
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            "is_primary": true
          }
        ],
        "region": {
          "code": "GLOBAL",
          "name": "Global",
          "type": "world"
        },
        "period": {
          "start": "2023-01-01",
          "end": "2023-12-31",
          "type": "year"
        },
        "value": 385,
        "value_text": "USD 385 billion",
        "unit": "USD",
        "currency": "USD",
        "scale": "billion",
        "value_type": "actual",
        "source": {
          "org": "Swiss Re Institute",
          "org_short_name": "Swiss Re",
          "org_url": "https://www.swissre.com",
          "org_tier": 2,
          "document_title": "sigma Resilience Index 2024: Encouraging resilience gains, but more is needed",
          "document_url": "https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/natural-catastrophe-insurance-global-resilience-index-2024.html",
          "document_type": "press_release",
          "locator": "Insurance resilience",
          "quote": "The protection gap was USD 385 billion in premium equivalent terms, up by 5.2% year-on-year.",
          "published_date": null,
          "accessed_at": "2026-09-15",
          "license": "see-source",
          "url_status": "ok"
        },
        "verification": "verified",
        "verified_by": "seed:auto-extract-v1",
        "verified_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z",
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        "is_secondhand": false,
        "supersedes": null,
        "superseded_by": null,
        "is_current": true,
        "citation": {
          "apa": "Swiss Re Institute. (2023). sigma Resilience Index 2024: Encouraging resilience gains, but more is needed. Retrieved September 15, 2026, from https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/natural-catastrophe-insurance-global-resilience-index-2024.html. Via StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q640",
          "bibtex": "@misc{swissre2023naturalw6q640,\n  author       = {{Swiss Re Institute}},\n  title        = {sigma Resilience Index 2024: Encouraging resilience gains, but more is needed},\n  year         = {2023},\n  howpublished = {StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org},\n  url          = {https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q640},\n  note         = {Original source: https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/natural-catastrophe-insurance-global-resilience-index-2024.html. Accessed September 15, 2026.}\n}"
        },
        "updated_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z"
      },
      {
        "id": "stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q641",
        "url": "https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q641",
        "indicator": {
          "slug": "natural-catastrophe-insurance-protection-gap-growth",
          "name": "Natural catastrophe insurance protection gap growth",
          "definition": "Year-on-year growth rate of the natural catastrophe insurance protection gap in premium equivalent terms."
        },
        "industry": [
          {
            "slug": "insurance",
            "name": "Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security",
            "isic": "K65",
            "is_primary": true
          }
        ],
        "region": {
          "code": "GLOBAL",
          "name": "Global",
          "type": "world"
        },
        "period": {
          "start": "2023-01-01",
          "end": "2023-12-31",
          "type": "year"
        },
        "value": 5.2,
        "value_text": "5.2%",
        "unit": "percent",
        "currency": null,
        "scale": "1",
        "value_type": "actual",
        "source": {
          "org": "Swiss Re Institute",
          "org_short_name": "Swiss Re",
          "org_url": "https://www.swissre.com",
          "org_tier": 2,
          "document_title": "sigma Resilience Index 2024: Encouraging resilience gains, but more is needed",
          "document_url": "https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/natural-catastrophe-insurance-global-resilience-index-2024.html",
          "document_type": "press_release",
          "locator": "Insurance resilience",
          "quote": "The protection gap was USD 385 billion in premium equivalent terms, up by 5.2% year-on-year.",
          "published_date": null,
          "accessed_at": "2026-09-15",
          "license": "see-source",
          "url_status": "ok"
        },
        "verification": "verified",
        "verified_by": "seed:auto-extract-v1",
        "verified_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z",
        "confidence": 0.9,
        "is_secondhand": false,
        "supersedes": null,
        "superseded_by": null,
        "is_current": true,
        "citation": {
          "apa": "Swiss Re Institute. (2023). sigma Resilience Index 2024: Encouraging resilience gains, but more is needed. Retrieved September 15, 2026, from https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/natural-catastrophe-insurance-global-resilience-index-2024.html. Via StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q641",
          "bibtex": "@misc{swissre2023naturalw6q641,\n  author       = {{Swiss Re Institute}},\n  title        = {sigma Resilience Index 2024: Encouraging resilience gains, but more is needed},\n  year         = {2023},\n  howpublished = {StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org},\n  url          = {https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q641},\n  note         = {Original source: https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/natural-catastrophe-insurance-global-resilience-index-2024.html. Accessed September 15, 2026.}\n}"
        },
        "updated_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z"
      },
      {
        "id": "stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q63Z",
        "url": "https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q63Z",
        "indicator": {
          "slug": "natural-catastrophe-insurance-resilience-index",
          "name": "Natural catastrophe insurance resilience index",
          "definition": "Metric measuring the proportion of natural catastrophe risk protection needs covered by insurance."
        },
        "industry": [
          {
            "slug": "insurance",
            "name": "Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security",
            "isic": "K65",
            "is_primary": true
          }
        ],
        "region": {
          "code": "GLOBAL",
          "name": "Global",
          "type": "world"
        },
        "period": {
          "start": "2023-01-01",
          "end": "2023-12-31",
          "type": "year"
        },
        "value": 25.7,
        "value_text": "25.7%",
        "unit": "percent",
        "currency": null,
        "scale": "1",
        "value_type": "actual",
        "source": {
          "org": "Swiss Re Institute",
          "org_short_name": "Swiss Re",
          "org_url": "https://www.swissre.com",
          "org_tier": 2,
          "document_title": "sigma Resilience Index 2024: Encouraging resilience gains, but more is needed",
          "document_url": "https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/natural-catastrophe-insurance-global-resilience-index-2024.html",
          "document_type": "press_release",
          "locator": "Insurance resilience",
          "quote": "Natural catastrophe resilience rose to 25.7% in 2023.",
          "published_date": null,
          "accessed_at": "2026-09-15",
          "license": "see-source",
          "url_status": "ok"
        },
        "verification": "verified",
        "verified_by": "seed:auto-extract-v1",
        "verified_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z",
        "confidence": 0.9,
        "is_secondhand": false,
        "supersedes": null,
        "superseded_by": null,
        "is_current": true,
        "citation": {
          "apa": "Swiss Re Institute. (2023). sigma Resilience Index 2024: Encouraging resilience gains, but more is needed. Retrieved September 15, 2026, from https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/natural-catastrophe-insurance-global-resilience-index-2024.html. Via StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q63Z",
          "bibtex": "@misc{swissre2023naturalw6q63z,\n  author       = {{Swiss Re Institute}},\n  title        = {sigma Resilience Index 2024: Encouraging resilience gains, but more is needed},\n  year         = {2023},\n  howpublished = {StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org},\n  url          = {https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q63Z},\n  note         = {Original source: https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/natural-catastrophe-insurance-global-resilience-index-2024.html. Accessed September 15, 2026.}\n}"
        },
        "updated_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z"
      },
      {
        "id": "stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q669",
        "url": "https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q669",
        "indicator": {
          "slug": "natural-catastrophe-insured-losses",
          "name": "Natural catastrophe insured losses (year to date)",
          "definition": "Total insured losses caused by natural catastrophe events."
        },
        "industry": [
          {
            "slug": "insurance",
            "name": "Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security",
            "isic": "K65",
            "is_primary": true
          }
        ],
        "region": {
          "code": "GLOBAL",
          "name": "Global",
          "type": "world"
        },
        "period": {
          "start": "2024-01-01",
          "end": "2024-12-31",
          "type": "year"
        },
        "value": 100,
        "value_text": "well over USD 100 billion",
        "unit": "USD",
        "currency": "USD",
        "scale": "billion",
        "value_type": "forecast",
        "source": {
          "org": "Swiss Re Institute",
          "org_short_name": "Swiss Re",
          "org_url": "https://www.swissre.com",
          "org_tier": 2,
          "document_title": "sigma 5/2024: Global economic and insurance market outlook 2025-26",
          "document_url": "https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-05-global-economic-insurance-outlook-growth-geopolitics.html",
          "document_type": "press_release",
          "locator": "Figure 4: P&C insurance profitability, 2021‒2026F, % of net premiums earned, ROE and cost of capital, in % of capital",
          "quote": "The active US hurricane season is likely to take global natural catastrophe insured losses to well over USD 100 billion this year for a fifth consecutive year and may delay the onset of softer property insurance pricing.",
          "published_date": null,
          "accessed_at": "2026-09-15",
          "license": "see-source",
          "url_status": "ok"
        },
        "verification": "verified",
        "verified_by": "seed:auto-extract-v1",
        "verified_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z",
        "confidence": 0.9,
        "is_secondhand": false,
        "supersedes": null,
        "superseded_by": null,
        "is_current": true,
        "citation": {
          "apa": "Swiss Re Institute. (2024). sigma 5/2024: Global economic and insurance market outlook 2025-26. Retrieved September 15, 2026, from https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-05-global-economic-insurance-outlook-growth-geopolitics.html. Via StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q669",
          "bibtex": "@misc{swissre2024naturalw6q669,\n  author       = {{Swiss Re Institute}},\n  title        = {sigma 5/2024: Global economic and insurance market outlook 2025-26},\n  year         = {2024},\n  howpublished = {StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org},\n  url          = {https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q669},\n  note         = {Original source: https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-05-global-economic-insurance-outlook-growth-geopolitics.html. Accessed September 15, 2026.}\n}"
        },
        "updated_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z"
      },
      {
        "id": "stat_01M2KJ7XC8QWZRT4Z8E3V71M3H",
        "url": "https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC8QWZRT4Z8E3V71M3H",
        "indicator": {
          "slug": "natural-catastrophe-insured-losses",
          "name": "Natural catastrophe insured losses (year to date)",
          "definition": "Total insured losses caused by natural catastrophe events."
        },
        "industry": [
          {
            "slug": "insurance",
            "name": "Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security",
            "isic": "K65",
            "is_primary": true
          }
        ],
        "region": {
          "code": "GLOBAL",
          "name": "Global",
          "type": "world"
        },
        "period": {
          "start": "2024-01-01",
          "end": "2024-12-31",
          "type": "year"
        },
        "value": 137,
        "value_text": "USD 137 billion",
        "unit": "USD",
        "currency": "USD",
        "scale": "billion",
        "value_type": "actual",
        "source": {
          "org": "Swiss Re Institute",
          "org_short_name": "Swiss Re",
          "org_url": "https://www.swissre.com",
          "org_tier": 2,
          "document_title": "sigma 1/2025: Natural catastrophes: insured losses on trend to USD 145 billion in 2025",
          "document_url": "https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2025-01-natural-catastrophes-trend.html",
          "document_type": "press_release",
          "locator": "sigma 1/2025: Natural catastrophes: insured losses on trend to USD 145 billion in 2025",
          "quote": "Global insured losses from natural catastrophes reached USD 137 billion in 2024.",
          "published_date": null,
          "accessed_at": "2026-09-15",
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          "url_status": "ok"
        },
        "verification": "verified",
        "verified_by": "seed:auto-extract-v1",
        "verified_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z",
        "confidence": 0.9,
        "is_secondhand": false,
        "supersedes": null,
        "superseded_by": null,
        "is_current": true,
        "citation": {
          "apa": "Swiss Re Institute. (2024). sigma 1/2025: Natural catastrophes: insured losses on trend to USD 145 billion in 2025. Retrieved September 15, 2026, from https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2025-01-natural-catastrophes-trend.html. Via StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC8QWZRT4Z8E3V71M3H",
          "bibtex": "@misc{swissre2024naturalv71m3h,\n  author       = {{Swiss Re Institute}},\n  title        = {sigma 1/2025: Natural catastrophes: insured losses on trend to USD 145 billion in 2025},\n  year         = {2024},\n  howpublished = {StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org},\n  url          = {https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC8QWZRT4Z8E3V71M3H},\n  note         = {Original source: https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2025-01-natural-catastrophes-trend.html. Accessed September 15, 2026.}\n}"
        },
        "updated_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z"
      },
      {
        "id": "stat_01M2KJ7XC8QWZRT4Z8E3V71M3N",
        "url": "https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC8QWZRT4Z8E3V71M3N",
        "indicator": {
          "slug": "natural-catastrophe-insured-losses",
          "name": "Natural catastrophe insured losses (year to date)",
          "definition": "Total insured losses caused by natural catastrophe events."
        },
        "industry": [
          {
            "slug": "insurance",
            "name": "Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security",
            "isic": "K65",
            "is_primary": true
          }
        ],
        "region": {
          "code": "GLOBAL",
          "name": "Global",
          "type": "world"
        },
        "period": {
          "start": "2025-01-01",
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        "value": 145,
        "value_text": "USD 145 billion",
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        "currency": "USD",
        "scale": "billion",
        "value_type": "forecast",
        "source": {
          "org": "Swiss Re Institute",
          "org_short_name": "Swiss Re",
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          "org_tier": 2,
          "document_title": "sigma 1/2025: Natural catastrophes: insured losses on trend to USD 145 billion in 2025",
          "document_url": "https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2025-01-natural-catastrophes-trend.html",
          "document_type": "press_release",
          "locator": "Figure 2: Global natural catastrophe insured and uninsured losses, share of insured losses",
          "quote": "If the trend holds, insured losses will approach USD 145 billion in 2025.",
          "published_date": null,
          "accessed_at": "2026-09-15",
          "license": "see-source",
          "url_status": "ok"
        },
        "verification": "verified",
        "verified_by": "seed:auto-extract-v1",
        "verified_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z",
        "confidence": 0.9,
        "is_secondhand": false,
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        "superseded_by": null,
        "is_current": true,
        "citation": {
          "apa": "Swiss Re Institute. (2025). sigma 1/2025: Natural catastrophes: insured losses on trend to USD 145 billion in 2025. Retrieved September 15, 2026, from https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2025-01-natural-catastrophes-trend.html. Via StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC8QWZRT4Z8E3V71M3N",
          "bibtex": "@misc{swissre2025naturalv71m3n,\n  author       = {{Swiss Re Institute}},\n  title        = {sigma 1/2025: Natural catastrophes: insured losses on trend to USD 145 billion in 2025},\n  year         = {2025},\n  howpublished = {StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org},\n  url          = {https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC8QWZRT4Z8E3V71M3N},\n  note         = {Original source: https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2025-01-natural-catastrophes-trend.html. Accessed September 15, 2026.}\n}"
        },
        "updated_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z"
      },
      {
        "id": "stat_01M2KJ7XC8QWZRT4Z8E3V71M43",
        "url": "https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC8QWZRT4Z8E3V71M43",
        "indicator": {
          "slug": "natural-catastrophe-insured-losses",
          "name": "Natural catastrophe insured losses (year to date)",
          "definition": "Total insured losses caused by natural catastrophe events."
        },
        "industry": [
          {
            "slug": "insurance",
            "name": "Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security",
            "isic": "K65",
            "is_primary": true
          }
        ],
        "region": {
          "code": "GLOBAL",
          "name": "Global",
          "type": "world"
        },
        "period": {
          "start": "2023-01-01",
          "end": "2023-12-31",
          "type": "year"
        },
        "value": 108,
        "value_text": "USD 108 billion",
        "unit": "USD",
        "currency": "USD",
        "scale": "billion",
        "value_type": "actual",
        "source": {
          "org": "Swiss Re Institute",
          "org_short_name": "Swiss Re",
          "org_url": "https://www.swissre.com",
          "org_tier": 2,
          "document_title": "sigma 1/2024: Natural catastrophes in 2023",
          "document_url": "https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-01.html",
          "document_type": "press_release",
          "locator": "sigma 01/2024: Natural catastrophes in 2023",
          "quote": "Of these USD 108 billion (40%) were covered by insurance, above the previous 10-year average of USD 89 billion.",
          "published_date": null,
          "accessed_at": "2026-09-15",
          "license": "see-source",
          "url_status": "ok"
        },
        "verification": "verified",
        "verified_by": "seed:auto-extract-v1",
        "verified_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z",
        "confidence": 0.9,
        "is_secondhand": false,
        "supersedes": null,
        "superseded_by": null,
        "is_current": true,
        "citation": {
          "apa": "Swiss Re Institute. (2023). sigma 1/2024: Natural catastrophes in 2023. Retrieved September 15, 2026, from https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-01.html. Via StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC8QWZRT4Z8E3V71M43",
          "bibtex": "@misc{swissre2023naturalv71m43,\n  author       = {{Swiss Re Institute}},\n  title        = {sigma 1/2024: Natural catastrophes in 2023},\n  year         = {2023},\n  howpublished = {StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org},\n  url          = {https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC8QWZRT4Z8E3V71M43},\n  note         = {Original source: https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-01.html. Accessed September 15, 2026.}\n}"
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        "updated_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z"
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      {
        "id": "stat_01M2KJ7XC8QWZRT4Z8E3V71M7T",
        "url": "https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC8QWZRT4Z8E3V71M7T",
        "indicator": {
          "slug": "natural-catastrophe-insured-losses",
          "name": "Natural catastrophe insured losses (year to date)",
          "definition": "Total insured losses caused by natural catastrophe events."
        },
        "industry": [
          {
            "slug": "insurance",
            "name": "Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security",
            "isic": "K65",
            "is_primary": true
          }
        ],
        "region": {
          "code": "GLOBAL",
          "name": "Global",
          "type": "world"
        },
        "period": {
          "start": "2025-01-01",
          "end": "2025-12-31",
          "type": "year"
        },
        "value": 107,
        "value_text": "USD 107 billion",
        "unit": "USD",
        "currency": "USD",
        "scale": "billion",
        "value_type": "actual",
        "source": {
          "org": "Swiss Re Institute",
          "org_short_name": "Swiss Re",
          "org_url": "https://www.swissre.com",
          "org_tier": 2,
          "document_title": "Nat Cat sigma 1/2026",
          "document_url": "https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2026-01-natcat-2025-wildfire-storm-risk.html",
          "document_type": "press_release",
          "locator": "When exposure outpaces adaptation",
          "quote": "Insured natural catastrophes losses in 2025 totaled USD 107 billion, according to Swiss Re Institute's latest sigma publication, which documents the dominance of secondary perils including wildfires and severe convective storms in driving claims.",
          "published_date": null,
          "accessed_at": "2026-09-15",
          "license": "see-source",
          "url_status": "ok"
        },
        "verification": "verified",
        "verified_by": "seed:auto-extract-v1",
        "verified_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z",
        "confidence": 0.9,
        "is_secondhand": false,
        "supersedes": null,
        "superseded_by": null,
        "is_current": true,
        "citation": {
          "apa": "Swiss Re Institute. (2025). Nat Cat sigma 1/2026. Retrieved September 15, 2026, from https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2026-01-natcat-2025-wildfire-storm-risk.html. Via StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC8QWZRT4Z8E3V71M7T",
          "bibtex": "@misc{swissre2025naturalv71m7t,\n  author       = {{Swiss Re Institute}},\n  title        = {Nat Cat sigma 1/2026},\n  year         = {2025},\n  howpublished = {StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org},\n  url          = {https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC8QWZRT4Z8E3V71M7T},\n  note         = {Original source: https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2026-01-natcat-2025-wildfire-storm-risk.html. Accessed September 15, 2026.}\n}"
        },
        "updated_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z"
      },
      {
        "id": "stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q65V",
        "url": "https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q65V",
        "indicator": {
          "slug": "non-life-insurance-investment-yield",
          "name": "Non-life insurance investment yield",
          "definition": "Average investment yield earned on assets by non-life insurers."
        },
        "industry": [
          {
            "slug": "insurance",
            "name": "Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security",
            "isic": "K65",
            "is_primary": true
          }
        ],
        "region": {
          "code": "GLOBAL",
          "name": "Global",
          "type": "world"
        },
        "period": {
          "start": "2024-01-01",
          "end": "2024-12-31",
          "type": "year"
        },
        "value": 3.6,
        "value_text": "3.6%",
        "unit": "percent",
        "currency": null,
        "scale": "1",
        "value_type": "forecast",
        "source": {
          "org": "Swiss Re Institute",
          "org_short_name": "Swiss Re",
          "org_url": "https://www.swissre.com",
          "org_tier": 2,
          "document_title": "sigma 3/2024: World insurance: strengthening global resilience with a new lease of life",
          "document_url": "https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-03-world-insurance-global-resilience.html",
          "document_type": "press_release",
          "locator": "Non-life insurance: healthy earnings trend to continue",
          "quote": "We forecast an improvement in investment yields to 3.6% in 2024 and 3.9% in 2025 as bond portfolios move away from pre-pandemic compositions.",
          "published_date": null,
          "accessed_at": "2026-09-15",
          "license": "see-source",
          "url_status": "ok"
        },
        "verification": "verified",
        "verified_by": "seed:auto-extract-v1",
        "verified_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z",
        "confidence": 0.9,
        "is_secondhand": false,
        "supersedes": null,
        "superseded_by": null,
        "is_current": true,
        "citation": {
          "apa": "Swiss Re Institute. (2024). sigma 3/2024: World insurance: strengthening global resilience with a new lease of life. Retrieved September 15, 2026, from https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-03-world-insurance-global-resilience.html. Via StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q65V",
          "bibtex": "@misc{swissre2024lifew6q65v,\n  author       = {{Swiss Re Institute}},\n  title        = {sigma 3/2024: World insurance: strengthening global resilience with a new lease of life},\n  year         = {2024},\n  howpublished = {StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org},\n  url          = {https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q65V},\n  note         = {Original source: https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-03-world-insurance-global-resilience.html. Accessed September 15, 2026.}\n}"
        },
        "updated_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z"
      },
      {
        "id": "stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q65W",
        "url": "https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q65W",
        "indicator": {
          "slug": "non-life-insurance-investment-yield",
          "name": "Non-life insurance investment yield",
          "definition": "Average investment yield earned on assets by non-life insurers."
        },
        "industry": [
          {
            "slug": "insurance",
            "name": "Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security",
            "isic": "K65",
            "is_primary": true
          }
        ],
        "region": {
          "code": "GLOBAL",
          "name": "Global",
          "type": "world"
        },
        "period": {
          "start": "2025-01-01",
          "end": "2025-12-31",
          "type": "year"
        },
        "value": 3.9,
        "value_text": "3.9%",
        "unit": "percent",
        "currency": null,
        "scale": "1",
        "value_type": "forecast",
        "source": {
          "org": "Swiss Re Institute",
          "org_short_name": "Swiss Re",
          "org_url": "https://www.swissre.com",
          "org_tier": 2,
          "document_title": "sigma 3/2024: World insurance: strengthening global resilience with a new lease of life",
          "document_url": "https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-03-world-insurance-global-resilience.html",
          "document_type": "press_release",
          "locator": "Non-life insurance: healthy earnings trend to continue",
          "quote": "We forecast an improvement in investment yields to 3.6% in 2024 and 3.9% in 2025 as bond portfolios move away from pre-pandemic compositions.",
          "published_date": null,
          "accessed_at": "2026-09-15",
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          "url_status": "ok"
        },
        "verification": "verified",
        "verified_by": "seed:auto-extract-v1",
        "verified_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z",
        "confidence": 0.9,
        "is_secondhand": false,
        "supersedes": null,
        "superseded_by": null,
        "is_current": true,
        "citation": {
          "apa": "Swiss Re Institute. (2025). sigma 3/2024: World insurance: strengthening global resilience with a new lease of life. Retrieved September 15, 2026, from https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-03-world-insurance-global-resilience.html. Via StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q65W",
          "bibtex": "@misc{swissre2025lifew6q65w,\n  author       = {{Swiss Re Institute}},\n  title        = {sigma 3/2024: World insurance: strengthening global resilience with a new lease of life},\n  year         = {2025},\n  howpublished = {StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org},\n  url          = {https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q65W},\n  note         = {Original source: https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-03-world-insurance-global-resilience.html. Accessed September 15, 2026.}\n}"
        },
        "updated_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z"
      },
      {
        "id": "stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q666",
        "url": "https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q666",
        "indicator": {
          "slug": "non-life-insurance-premium-growth",
          "name": "Non-life insurance premium growth",
          "definition": "Annual growth rate of non-life insurance premiums."
        },
        "industry": [
          {
            "slug": "insurance",
            "name": "Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security",
            "isic": "K65",
            "is_primary": true
          }
        ],
        "region": {
          "code": "GLOBAL",
          "name": "Global",
          "type": "world"
        },
        "period": {
          "start": "2024-01-01",
          "end": "2024-12-31",
          "type": "year"
        },
        "value": 4.3,
        "value_text": "4.3%",
        "unit": "percent",
        "currency": null,
        "scale": "1",
        "value_type": "forecast",
        "source": {
          "org": "Swiss Re Institute",
          "org_short_name": "Swiss Re",
          "org_url": "https://www.swissre.com",
          "org_tier": 2,
          "document_title": "sigma 5/2024: Global economic and insurance market outlook 2025-26",
          "document_url": "https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-05-global-economic-insurance-outlook-growth-geopolitics.html",
          "document_type": "press_release",
          "locator": "Figure 4: P&C insurance profitability, 2021‒2026F, % of net premiums earned, ROE and cost of capital, in % of capital",
          "quote": "We expect decade-high 4.3% global non-life premium growth this year following the repricing of risk in response to elevated claims.",
          "published_date": null,
          "accessed_at": "2026-09-15",
          "license": "see-source",
          "url_status": "ok"
        },
        "verification": "verified",
        "verified_by": "seed:auto-extract-v1",
        "verified_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z",
        "confidence": 0.9,
        "is_secondhand": false,
        "supersedes": null,
        "superseded_by": null,
        "is_current": true,
        "citation": {
          "apa": "Swiss Re Institute. (2024). sigma 5/2024: Global economic and insurance market outlook 2025-26. Retrieved September 15, 2026, from https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-05-global-economic-insurance-outlook-growth-geopolitics.html. Via StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q666",
          "bibtex": "@misc{swissre2024lifew6q666,\n  author       = {{Swiss Re Institute}},\n  title        = {sigma 5/2024: Global economic and insurance market outlook 2025-26},\n  year         = {2024},\n  howpublished = {StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org},\n  url          = {https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q666},\n  note         = {Original source: https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-05-global-economic-insurance-outlook-growth-geopolitics.html. Accessed September 15, 2026.}\n}"
        },
        "updated_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z"
      },
      {
        "id": "stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q667",
        "url": "https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q667",
        "indicator": {
          "slug": "non-life-insurance-premium-growth",
          "name": "Non-life insurance premium growth",
          "definition": "Annual growth rate of non-life insurance premiums."
        },
        "industry": [
          {
            "slug": "insurance",
            "name": "Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security",
            "isic": "K65",
            "is_primary": true
          }
        ],
        "region": {
          "code": "GLOBAL",
          "name": "Global",
          "type": "world"
        },
        "period": {
          "start": "2025-01-01",
          "end": "2026-12-31",
          "type": "year"
        },
        "value": 2.3,
        "value_text": "2.3%",
        "unit": "percent",
        "currency": null,
        "scale": "1",
        "value_type": "forecast",
        "source": {
          "org": "Swiss Re Institute",
          "org_short_name": "Swiss Re",
          "org_url": "https://www.swissre.com",
          "org_tier": 2,
          "document_title": "sigma 5/2024: Global economic and insurance market outlook 2025-26",
          "document_url": "https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-05-global-economic-insurance-outlook-growth-geopolitics.html",
          "document_type": "press_release",
          "locator": "Figure 4: P&C insurance profitability, 2021‒2026F, % of net premiums earned, ROE and cost of capital, in % of capital",
          "quote": "Premium rates are now moderating and we forecast softer global premium growth of 2.3% annually in real terms over 2025-26, below the 3.1% average of the last five years.",
          "published_date": null,
          "accessed_at": "2026-09-15",
          "license": "see-source",
          "url_status": "ok"
        },
        "verification": "verified",
        "verified_by": "seed:auto-extract-v1",
        "verified_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z",
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        "is_secondhand": false,
        "supersedes": null,
        "superseded_by": null,
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        "citation": {
          "apa": "Swiss Re Institute. (2026). sigma 5/2024: Global economic and insurance market outlook 2025-26. Retrieved September 15, 2026, from https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-05-global-economic-insurance-outlook-growth-geopolitics.html. Via StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q667",
          "bibtex": "@misc{swissre2026lifew6q667,\n  author       = {{Swiss Re Institute}},\n  title        = {sigma 5/2024: Global economic and insurance market outlook 2025-26},\n  year         = {2026},\n  howpublished = {StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org},\n  url          = {https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q667},\n  note         = {Original source: https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-05-global-economic-insurance-outlook-growth-geopolitics.html. Accessed September 15, 2026.}\n}"
        },
        "updated_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z"
      },
      {
        "id": "stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q668",
        "url": "https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q668",
        "indicator": {
          "slug": "non-life-insurance-premium-growth",
          "name": "Non-life insurance premium growth",
          "definition": "Annual growth rate of non-life insurance premiums."
        },
        "industry": [
          {
            "slug": "insurance",
            "name": "Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security",
            "isic": "K65",
            "is_primary": true
          }
        ],
        "region": {
          "code": "GLOBAL",
          "name": "Global",
          "type": "world"
        },
        "period": {
          "start": "2019-01-01",
          "end": "2023-12-31",
          "type": "year"
        },
        "value": 3.1,
        "value_text": "3.1%",
        "unit": "percent",
        "currency": null,
        "scale": "1",
        "value_type": "actual",
        "source": {
          "org": "Swiss Re Institute",
          "org_short_name": "Swiss Re",
          "org_url": "https://www.swissre.com",
          "org_tier": 2,
          "document_title": "sigma 5/2024: Global economic and insurance market outlook 2025-26",
          "document_url": "https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-05-global-economic-insurance-outlook-growth-geopolitics.html",
          "document_type": "press_release",
          "locator": "Figure 4: P&C insurance profitability, 2021‒2026F, % of net premiums earned, ROE and cost of capital, in % of capital",
          "quote": "Premium rates are now moderating and we forecast softer global premium growth of 2.3% annually in real terms over 2025-26, below the 3.1% average of the last five years.",
          "published_date": null,
          "accessed_at": "2026-09-15",
          "license": "see-source",
          "url_status": "ok"
        },
        "verification": "verified",
        "verified_by": "seed:auto-extract-v1",
        "verified_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z",
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        "supersedes": null,
        "superseded_by": null,
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          "apa": "Swiss Re Institute. (2023). sigma 5/2024: Global economic and insurance market outlook 2025-26. Retrieved September 15, 2026, from https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-05-global-economic-insurance-outlook-growth-geopolitics.html. Via StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q668",
          "bibtex": "@misc{swissre2023lifew6q668,\n  author       = {{Swiss Re Institute}},\n  title        = {sigma 5/2024: Global economic and insurance market outlook 2025-26},\n  year         = {2023},\n  howpublished = {StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org},\n  url          = {https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q668},\n  note         = {Original source: https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-05-global-economic-insurance-outlook-growth-geopolitics.html. Accessed September 15, 2026.}\n}"
        },
        "updated_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z"
      },
      {
        "id": "stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q65P",
        "url": "https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q65P",
        "indicator": {
          "slug": "non-life-insurance-premium-growth-real",
          "name": "Non-life insurance premium growth (real)",
          "definition": "Annual real (inflation-adjusted) growth rate of non-life insurance premiums."
        },
        "industry": [
          {
            "slug": "insurance",
            "name": "Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security",
            "isic": "K65",
            "is_primary": true
          }
        ],
        "region": {
          "code": "GLOBAL",
          "name": "Global",
          "type": "world"
        },
        "period": {
          "start": "2024-01-01",
          "end": "2024-12-31",
          "type": "year"
        },
        "value": 3.3,
        "value_text": "3.3%",
        "unit": "percent",
        "currency": null,
        "scale": "1",
        "value_type": "estimate",
        "source": {
          "org": "Swiss Re Institute",
          "org_short_name": "Swiss Re",
          "org_url": "https://www.swissre.com",
          "org_tier": 2,
          "document_title": "sigma 3/2024: World insurance: strengthening global resilience with a new lease of life",
          "document_url": "https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-03-world-insurance-global-resilience.html",
          "document_type": "press_release",
          "locator": "Insurance markets set for growth",
          "quote": "Global non-life premiums will grow by an estimated 3.3% in 2024 and slightly slower (forecast 3%) in 2025, as insurance prices moderate alongside an easing in (claims) inflation.",
          "published_date": null,
          "accessed_at": "2026-09-15",
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          "url_status": "ok"
        },
        "verification": "verified",
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        "supersedes": null,
        "superseded_by": null,
        "is_current": true,
        "citation": {
          "apa": "Swiss Re Institute. (2024). sigma 3/2024: World insurance: strengthening global resilience with a new lease of life. Retrieved September 15, 2026, from https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-03-world-insurance-global-resilience.html. Via StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q65P",
          "bibtex": "@misc{swissre2024lifew6q65p,\n  author       = {{Swiss Re Institute}},\n  title        = {sigma 3/2024: World insurance: strengthening global resilience with a new lease of life},\n  year         = {2024},\n  howpublished = {StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org},\n  url          = {https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q65P},\n  note         = {Original source: https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-03-world-insurance-global-resilience.html. Accessed September 15, 2026.}\n}"
        },
        "updated_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z"
      },
      {
        "id": "stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q65Q",
        "url": "https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q65Q",
        "indicator": {
          "slug": "non-life-insurance-premium-growth-real",
          "name": "Non-life insurance premium growth (real)",
          "definition": "Annual real (inflation-adjusted) growth rate of non-life insurance premiums."
        },
        "industry": [
          {
            "slug": "insurance",
            "name": "Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security",
            "isic": "K65",
            "is_primary": true
          }
        ],
        "region": {
          "code": "GLOBAL",
          "name": "Global",
          "type": "world"
        },
        "period": {
          "start": "2025-01-01",
          "end": "2025-12-31",
          "type": "year"
        },
        "value": 3,
        "value_text": "3%",
        "unit": "percent",
        "currency": null,
        "scale": "1",
        "value_type": "forecast",
        "source": {
          "org": "Swiss Re Institute",
          "org_short_name": "Swiss Re",
          "org_url": "https://www.swissre.com",
          "org_tier": 2,
          "document_title": "sigma 3/2024: World insurance: strengthening global resilience with a new lease of life",
          "document_url": "https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-03-world-insurance-global-resilience.html",
          "document_type": "press_release",
          "locator": "Insurance markets set for growth",
          "quote": "Global non-life premiums will grow by an estimated 3.3% in 2024 and slightly slower (forecast 3%) in 2025, as insurance prices moderate alongside an easing in (claims) inflation.",
          "published_date": null,
          "accessed_at": "2026-09-15",
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          "url_status": "ok"
        },
        "verification": "verified",
        "verified_by": "seed:auto-extract-v1",
        "verified_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z",
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        "citation": {
          "apa": "Swiss Re Institute. (2025). sigma 3/2024: World insurance: strengthening global resilience with a new lease of life. Retrieved September 15, 2026, from https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-03-world-insurance-global-resilience.html. Via StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q65Q",
          "bibtex": "@misc{swissre2025lifew6q65q,\n  author       = {{Swiss Re Institute}},\n  title        = {sigma 3/2024: World insurance: strengthening global resilience with a new lease of life},\n  year         = {2025},\n  howpublished = {StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org},\n  url          = {https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q65Q},\n  note         = {Original source: https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-03-world-insurance-global-resilience.html. Accessed September 15, 2026.}\n}"
        },
        "updated_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z"
      },
      {
        "id": "stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q661",
        "url": "https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q661",
        "indicator": {
          "slug": "non-life-insurance-premium-growth-real",
          "name": "Non-life insurance premium growth (real)",
          "definition": "Annual real (inflation-adjusted) growth rate of non-life insurance premiums."
        },
        "industry": [
          {
            "slug": "insurance",
            "name": "Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security",
            "isic": "K65",
            "is_primary": true
          }
        ],
        "region": {
          "code": "GLOBAL",
          "name": "Global",
          "type": "world"
        },
        "period": {
          "start": "2023-01-01",
          "end": "2023-12-31",
          "type": "year"
        },
        "value": 3.6,
        "value_text": "3.6%",
        "unit": "percent",
        "currency": null,
        "scale": "1",
        "value_type": "actual",
        "source": {
          "org": "Swiss Re Institute",
          "org_short_name": "Swiss Re",
          "org_url": "https://www.swissre.com",
          "org_tier": 2,
          "document_title": "sigma 3/2024: World insurance: strengthening global resilience with a new lease of life",
          "document_url": "https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-03-world-insurance-global-resilience.html",
          "document_type": "press_release",
          "locator": "Non-life insurance sector growth 2023, by market",
          "quote": "Non-life insurance premium volumes in advanced markets grew by 3.6% in 2023, boosted by price increases in personal and, to a lesser degree, commercial insurance lines.",
          "published_date": null,
          "accessed_at": "2026-09-15",
          "license": "see-source",
          "url_status": "ok"
        },
        "verification": "verified",
        "verified_by": "seed:auto-extract-v1",
        "verified_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z",
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        "supersedes": null,
        "superseded_by": null,
        "is_current": true,
        "citation": {
          "apa": "Swiss Re Institute. (2023). sigma 3/2024: World insurance: strengthening global resilience with a new lease of life. Retrieved September 15, 2026, from https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-03-world-insurance-global-resilience.html. Via StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q661",
          "bibtex": "@misc{swissre2023lifew6q661,\n  author       = {{Swiss Re Institute}},\n  title        = {sigma 3/2024: World insurance: strengthening global resilience with a new lease of life},\n  year         = {2023},\n  howpublished = {StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org},\n  url          = {https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q661},\n  note         = {Original source: https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-03-world-insurance-global-resilience.html. Accessed September 15, 2026.}\n}"
        },
        "updated_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z"
      },
      {
        "id": "stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q662",
        "url": "https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q662",
        "indicator": {
          "slug": "non-life-insurance-premium-growth-real",
          "name": "Non-life insurance premium growth (real)",
          "definition": "Annual real (inflation-adjusted) growth rate of non-life insurance premiums."
        },
        "industry": [
          {
            "slug": "insurance",
            "name": "Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security",
            "isic": "K65",
            "is_primary": true
          }
        ],
        "region": {
          "code": "GLOBAL",
          "name": "Global",
          "type": "world"
        },
        "period": {
          "start": "2013-01-01",
          "end": "2022-12-31",
          "type": "year"
        },
        "value": 5.9,
        "value_text": "5.9%",
        "unit": "percent",
        "currency": null,
        "scale": "1",
        "value_type": "actual",
        "source": {
          "org": "Swiss Re Institute",
          "org_short_name": "Swiss Re",
          "org_url": "https://www.swissre.com",
          "org_tier": 2,
          "document_title": "sigma 3/2024: World insurance: strengthening global resilience with a new lease of life",
          "document_url": "https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-03-world-insurance-global-resilience.html",
          "document_type": "press_release",
          "locator": "Non-life insurance sector growth 2023, by market",
          "quote": "The markets in emerging economies grew by 5.3% in 2023, slightly below the 5.9% average level seen in the previous decade.",
          "published_date": null,
          "accessed_at": "2026-09-15",
          "license": "see-source",
          "url_status": "ok"
        },
        "verification": "verified",
        "verified_by": "seed:auto-extract-v1",
        "verified_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z",
        "confidence": 0.9,
        "is_secondhand": false,
        "supersedes": null,
        "superseded_by": null,
        "is_current": true,
        "citation": {
          "apa": "Swiss Re Institute. (2022). sigma 3/2024: World insurance: strengthening global resilience with a new lease of life. Retrieved September 15, 2026, from https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-03-world-insurance-global-resilience.html. Via StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q662",
          "bibtex": "@misc{swissre2022lifew6q662,\n  author       = {{Swiss Re Institute}},\n  title        = {sigma 3/2024: World insurance: strengthening global resilience with a new lease of life},\n  year         = {2022},\n  howpublished = {StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org},\n  url          = {https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q662},\n  note         = {Original source: https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-03-world-insurance-global-resilience.html. Accessed September 15, 2026.}\n}"
        },
        "updated_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z"
      },
      {
        "id": "stat_01M2KJ7XC8QWZRT4Z8E3V71M3S",
        "url": "https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC8QWZRT4Z8E3V71M3S",
        "indicator": {
          "slug": "non-life-insurance-premium-growth-real",
          "name": "Non-life insurance premium growth (real)",
          "definition": "Annual real (inflation-adjusted) growth rate of non-life insurance premiums."
        },
        "industry": [
          {
            "slug": "insurance",
            "name": "Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security",
            "isic": "K65",
            "is_primary": true
          }
        ],
        "region": {
          "code": "GLOBAL",
          "name": "Global",
          "type": "world"
        },
        "period": {
          "start": "2026-01-01",
          "end": "2026-12-31",
          "type": "year"
        },
        "value": 1.7,
        "value_text": "1.7%",
        "unit": "percent",
        "currency": null,
        "scale": "1",
        "value_type": "forecast",
        "source": {
          "org": "Swiss Re Institute",
          "org_short_name": "Swiss Re",
          "org_url": "https://www.swissre.com",
          "org_tier": 2,
          "document_title": "sigma 5/2025: Shifting sands: global economic and insurance market outlook",
          "document_url": "https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2025-05-global-economic-insurance-outlook-shifting-sands.html",
          "document_type": "press_release",
          "locator": "sigma 5/2025: Shifting sands: Global economic and insurance market outlook",
          "quote": "We forecast that global non-life premiums will increase by 1.7% in real terms next year and by around 2.5% in 2027.",
          "published_date": null,
          "accessed_at": "2026-09-15",
          "license": "see-source",
          "url_status": "ok"
        },
        "verification": "verified",
        "verified_by": "seed:auto-extract-v1",
        "verified_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z",
        "confidence": 0.9,
        "is_secondhand": false,
        "supersedes": null,
        "superseded_by": null,
        "is_current": true,
        "citation": {
          "apa": "Swiss Re Institute. (2026). sigma 5/2025: Shifting sands: global economic and insurance market outlook. Retrieved September 15, 2026, from https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2025-05-global-economic-insurance-outlook-shifting-sands.html. Via StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC8QWZRT4Z8E3V71M3S",
          "bibtex": "@misc{swissre2026lifev71m3s,\n  author       = {{Swiss Re Institute}},\n  title        = {sigma 5/2025: Shifting sands: global economic and insurance market outlook},\n  year         = {2026},\n  howpublished = {StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org},\n  url          = {https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC8QWZRT4Z8E3V71M3S},\n  note         = {Original source: https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2025-05-global-economic-insurance-outlook-shifting-sands.html. Accessed September 15, 2026.}\n}"
        },
        "updated_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z"
      },
      {
        "id": "stat_01M2KJ7XC8QWZRT4Z8E3V71M3T",
        "url": "https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC8QWZRT4Z8E3V71M3T",
        "indicator": {
          "slug": "non-life-insurance-premium-growth-real",
          "name": "Non-life insurance premium growth (real)",
          "definition": "Annual real (inflation-adjusted) growth rate of non-life insurance premiums."
        },
        "industry": [
          {
            "slug": "insurance",
            "name": "Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security",
            "isic": "K65",
            "is_primary": true
          }
        ],
        "region": {
          "code": "GLOBAL",
          "name": "Global",
          "type": "world"
        },
        "period": {
          "start": "2027-01-01",
          "end": "2027-12-31",
          "type": "year"
        },
        "value": 2.5,
        "value_text": "2.5%",
        "unit": "percent",
        "currency": null,
        "scale": "1",
        "value_type": "forecast",
        "source": {
          "org": "Swiss Re Institute",
          "org_short_name": "Swiss Re",
          "org_url": "https://www.swissre.com",
          "org_tier": 2,
          "document_title": "sigma 5/2025: Shifting sands: global economic and insurance market outlook",
          "document_url": "https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2025-05-global-economic-insurance-outlook-shifting-sands.html",
          "document_type": "press_release",
          "locator": "sigma 5/2025: Shifting sands: Global economic and insurance market outlook",
          "quote": "We forecast that global non-life premiums will increase by 1.7% in real terms next year and by around 2.5% in 2027.",
          "published_date": null,
          "accessed_at": "2026-09-15",
          "license": "see-source",
          "url_status": "ok"
        },
        "verification": "verified",
        "verified_by": "seed:auto-extract-v1",
        "verified_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z",
        "confidence": 0.9,
        "is_secondhand": false,
        "supersedes": null,
        "superseded_by": null,
        "is_current": true,
        "citation": {
          "apa": "Swiss Re Institute. (2027). sigma 5/2025: Shifting sands: global economic and insurance market outlook. Retrieved September 15, 2026, from https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2025-05-global-economic-insurance-outlook-shifting-sands.html. Via StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC8QWZRT4Z8E3V71M3T",
          "bibtex": "@misc{swissre2027lifev71m3t,\n  author       = {{Swiss Re Institute}},\n  title        = {sigma 5/2025: Shifting sands: global economic and insurance market outlook},\n  year         = {2027},\n  howpublished = {StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org},\n  url          = {https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC8QWZRT4Z8E3V71M3T},\n  note         = {Original source: https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2025-05-global-economic-insurance-outlook-shifting-sands.html. Accessed September 15, 2026.}\n}"
        },
        "updated_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z"
      },
      {
        "id": "stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q65R",
        "url": "https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q65R",
        "indicator": {
          "slug": "non-life-insurance-return-on-equity",
          "name": "Non-life insurance return on equity",
          "definition": "Return on equity of the non-life insurance industry."
        },
        "industry": [
          {
            "slug": "insurance",
            "name": "Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security",
            "isic": "K65",
            "is_primary": true
          }
        ],
        "region": {
          "code": "GLOBAL",
          "name": "Global",
          "type": "world"
        },
        "period": {
          "start": "2023-01-01",
          "end": "2023-12-31",
          "type": "year"
        },
        "value": 6,
        "value_text": "6%",
        "unit": "percent",
        "currency": null,
        "scale": "1",
        "value_type": "actual",
        "source": {
          "org": "Swiss Re Institute",
          "org_short_name": "Swiss Re",
          "org_url": "https://www.swissre.com",
          "org_tier": 2,
          "document_title": "sigma 3/2024: World insurance: strengthening global resilience with a new lease of life",
          "document_url": "https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-03-world-insurance-global-resilience.html",
          "document_type": "press_release",
          "locator": "Non-life insurance: healthy earnings trend to continue",
          "quote": "After rising to 6% in 2023, we estimate that sector return on equity will improve to about 10.0% in 2024 and 10.7% in 2025, with progress on both the underwriting and investment fronts.",
          "published_date": null,
          "accessed_at": "2026-09-15",
          "license": "see-source",
          "url_status": "ok"
        },
        "verification": "verified",
        "verified_by": "seed:auto-extract-v1",
        "verified_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z",
        "confidence": 0.9,
        "is_secondhand": false,
        "supersedes": null,
        "superseded_by": null,
        "is_current": true,
        "citation": {
          "apa": "Swiss Re Institute. (2023). sigma 3/2024: World insurance: strengthening global resilience with a new lease of life. Retrieved September 15, 2026, from https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-03-world-insurance-global-resilience.html. Via StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q65R",
          "bibtex": "@misc{swissre2023lifew6q65r,\n  author       = {{Swiss Re Institute}},\n  title        = {sigma 3/2024: World insurance: strengthening global resilience with a new lease of life},\n  year         = {2023},\n  howpublished = {StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org},\n  url          = {https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q65R},\n  note         = {Original source: https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-03-world-insurance-global-resilience.html. Accessed September 15, 2026.}\n}"
        },
        "updated_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z"
      },
      {
        "id": "stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q65S",
        "url": "https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q65S",
        "indicator": {
          "slug": "non-life-insurance-return-on-equity",
          "name": "Non-life insurance return on equity",
          "definition": "Return on equity of the non-life insurance industry."
        },
        "industry": [
          {
            "slug": "insurance",
            "name": "Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security",
            "isic": "K65",
            "is_primary": true
          }
        ],
        "region": {
          "code": "GLOBAL",
          "name": "Global",
          "type": "world"
        },
        "period": {
          "start": "2024-01-01",
          "end": "2024-12-31",
          "type": "year"
        },
        "value": 10,
        "value_text": "10.0%",
        "unit": "percent",
        "currency": null,
        "scale": "1",
        "value_type": "estimate",
        "source": {
          "org": "Swiss Re Institute",
          "org_short_name": "Swiss Re",
          "org_url": "https://www.swissre.com",
          "org_tier": 2,
          "document_title": "sigma 3/2024: World insurance: strengthening global resilience with a new lease of life",
          "document_url": "https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-03-world-insurance-global-resilience.html",
          "document_type": "press_release",
          "locator": "Non-life insurance: healthy earnings trend to continue",
          "quote": "After rising to 6% in 2023, we estimate that sector return on equity will improve to about 10.0% in 2024 and 10.7% in 2025, with progress on both the underwriting and investment fronts.",
          "published_date": null,
          "accessed_at": "2026-09-15",
          "license": "see-source",
          "url_status": "ok"
        },
        "verification": "verified",
        "verified_by": "seed:auto-extract-v1",
        "verified_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z",
        "confidence": 0.9,
        "is_secondhand": false,
        "supersedes": null,
        "superseded_by": null,
        "is_current": true,
        "citation": {
          "apa": "Swiss Re Institute. (2024). sigma 3/2024: World insurance: strengthening global resilience with a new lease of life. Retrieved September 15, 2026, from https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-03-world-insurance-global-resilience.html. Via StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q65S",
          "bibtex": "@misc{swissre2024lifew6q65s,\n  author       = {{Swiss Re Institute}},\n  title        = {sigma 3/2024: World insurance: strengthening global resilience with a new lease of life},\n  year         = {2024},\n  howpublished = {StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org},\n  url          = {https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q65S},\n  note         = {Original source: https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-03-world-insurance-global-resilience.html. Accessed September 15, 2026.}\n}"
        },
        "updated_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z"
      },
      {
        "id": "stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q65T",
        "url": "https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q65T",
        "indicator": {
          "slug": "non-life-insurance-return-on-equity",
          "name": "Non-life insurance return on equity",
          "definition": "Return on equity of the non-life insurance industry."
        },
        "industry": [
          {
            "slug": "insurance",
            "name": "Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security",
            "isic": "K65",
            "is_primary": true
          }
        ],
        "region": {
          "code": "GLOBAL",
          "name": "Global",
          "type": "world"
        },
        "period": {
          "start": "2025-01-01",
          "end": "2025-12-31",
          "type": "year"
        },
        "value": 10.7,
        "value_text": "10.7%",
        "unit": "percent",
        "currency": null,
        "scale": "1",
        "value_type": "forecast",
        "source": {
          "org": "Swiss Re Institute",
          "org_short_name": "Swiss Re",
          "org_url": "https://www.swissre.com",
          "org_tier": 2,
          "document_title": "sigma 3/2024: World insurance: strengthening global resilience with a new lease of life",
          "document_url": "https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-03-world-insurance-global-resilience.html",
          "document_type": "press_release",
          "locator": "Non-life insurance: healthy earnings trend to continue",
          "quote": "After rising to 6% in 2023, we estimate that sector return on equity will improve to about 10.0% in 2024 and 10.7% in 2025, with progress on both the underwriting and investment fronts.",
          "published_date": null,
          "accessed_at": "2026-09-15",
          "license": "see-source",
          "url_status": "ok"
        },
        "verification": "verified",
        "verified_by": "seed:auto-extract-v1",
        "verified_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z",
        "confidence": 0.9,
        "is_secondhand": false,
        "supersedes": null,
        "superseded_by": null,
        "is_current": true,
        "citation": {
          "apa": "Swiss Re Institute. (2025). sigma 3/2024: World insurance: strengthening global resilience with a new lease of life. Retrieved September 15, 2026, from https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-03-world-insurance-global-resilience.html. Via StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q65T",
          "bibtex": "@misc{swissre2025lifew6q65t,\n  author       = {{Swiss Re Institute}},\n  title        = {sigma 3/2024: World insurance: strengthening global resilience with a new lease of life},\n  year         = {2025},\n  howpublished = {StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org},\n  url          = {https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q65T},\n  note         = {Original source: https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-03-world-insurance-global-resilience.html. Accessed September 15, 2026.}\n}"
        },
        "updated_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z"
      },
      {
        "id": "stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q63D",
        "url": "https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q63D",
        "indicator": {
          "slug": "retirement-savings-gap",
          "name": "Retirement savings gap",
          "definition": "Shortfall between current pension assets and the total amount needed to securely fund retirements."
        },
        "industry": [
          {
            "slug": "insurance",
            "name": "Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security",
            "isic": "K65",
            "is_primary": true
          }
        ],
        "region": {
          "code": "GLOBAL",
          "name": "Global",
          "type": "world"
        },
        "period": {
          "start": "2022-01-01",
          "end": "2022-12-31",
          "type": "year"
        },
        "value": 106,
        "value_text": "USD 106 trillion",
        "unit": "USD",
        "currency": "USD",
        "scale": "trillion",
        "value_type": "estimate",
        "source": {
          "org": "Swiss Re Institute",
          "org_short_name": "Swiss Re",
          "org_url": "https://www.swissre.com",
          "org_tier": 2,
          "document_title": "sigma 2/2024: Life insurance in the higher interest rate era",
          "document_url": "https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-02-life-annuity-insurance.html",
          "document_type": "press_release",
          "locator": "Figure 2. US individual annuities direct business, first year and single premiums, 2019-23",
          "quote": "We estimate the retirement savings gap for six advanced economies, China and India, at USD 106 trillion in 2022 values.",
          "published_date": null,
          "accessed_at": "2026-09-15",
          "license": "see-source",
          "url_status": "ok"
        },
        "verification": "verified",
        "verified_by": "seed:auto-extract-v1",
        "verified_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z",
        "confidence": 0.9,
        "is_secondhand": false,
        "supersedes": null,
        "superseded_by": null,
        "is_current": true,
        "citation": {
          "apa": "Swiss Re Institute. (2022). sigma 2/2024: Life insurance in the higher interest rate era. Retrieved September 15, 2026, from https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-02-life-annuity-insurance.html. Via StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q63D",
          "bibtex": "@misc{swissre2022retirementw6q63d,\n  author       = {{Swiss Re Institute}},\n  title        = {sigma 2/2024: Life insurance in the higher interest rate era},\n  year         = {2022},\n  howpublished = {StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org},\n  url          = {https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q63D},\n  note         = {Original source: https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-02-life-annuity-insurance.html. Accessed September 15, 2026.}\n}"
        },
        "updated_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z"
      },
      {
        "id": "stat_01M2KJ7XC8QWZRT4Z8E3V71M45",
        "url": "https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC8QWZRT4Z8E3V71M45",
        "indicator": {
          "slug": "severe-convective-storm-insured-losses",
          "name": "Severe convective storm insured losses (year to date)",
          "definition": "Insured losses resulting from severe convective storm events."
        },
        "industry": [
          {
            "slug": "insurance",
            "name": "Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security",
            "isic": "K65",
            "is_primary": true
          }
        ],
        "region": {
          "code": "GLOBAL",
          "name": "Global",
          "type": "world"
        },
        "period": {
          "start": "2023-01-01",
          "end": "2023-12-31",
          "type": "year"
        },
        "value": 64,
        "value_text": "USD 64 billion",
        "unit": "USD",
        "currency": "USD",
        "scale": "billion",
        "value_type": "actual",
        "source": {
          "org": "Swiss Re Institute",
          "org_short_name": "Swiss Re",
          "org_url": "https://www.swissre.com",
          "org_tier": 2,
          "document_title": "sigma 1/2024: Natural catastrophes in 2023",
          "document_url": "https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-01.html",
          "document_type": "press_release",
          "locator": "Spotlight on severe convective storms",
          "quote": "In 2023, SCS-insured losses were USD 64 billion, a new high.",
          "published_date": null,
          "accessed_at": "2026-09-15",
          "license": "see-source",
          "url_status": "ok"
        },
        "verification": "verified",
        "verified_by": "seed:auto-extract-v1",
        "verified_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z",
        "confidence": 0.9,
        "is_secondhand": false,
        "supersedes": null,
        "superseded_by": null,
        "is_current": true,
        "citation": {
          "apa": "Swiss Re Institute. (2023). sigma 1/2024: Natural catastrophes in 2023. Retrieved September 15, 2026, from https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-01.html. Via StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC8QWZRT4Z8E3V71M45",
          "bibtex": "@misc{swissre2023severev71m45,\n  author       = {{Swiss Re Institute}},\n  title        = {sigma 1/2024: Natural catastrophes in 2023},\n  year         = {2023},\n  howpublished = {StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org},\n  url          = {https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC8QWZRT4Z8E3V71M45},\n  note         = {Original source: https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-01.html. Accessed September 15, 2026.}\n}"
        },
        "updated_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z"
      },
      {
        "id": "stat_01M2KJ7XC8QWZRT4Z8E3V71M46",
        "url": "https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC8QWZRT4Z8E3V71M46",
        "indicator": {
          "slug": "severe-convective-storm-insured-losses",
          "name": "Severe convective storm insured losses (year to date)",
          "definition": "Insured losses resulting from severe convective storm events."
        },
        "industry": [
          {
            "slug": "insurance",
            "name": "Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security",
            "isic": "K65",
            "is_primary": true
          }
        ],
        "region": {
          "code": "EU",
          "name": "European Union",
          "type": "bloc"
        },
        "period": {
          "start": "2021-01-01",
          "end": "2023-12-31",
          "type": "year"
        },
        "value": 5,
        "value_text": "USD 5 billion",
        "unit": "USD",
        "currency": "USD",
        "scale": "billion",
        "value_type": "actual",
        "source": {
          "org": "Swiss Re Institute",
          "org_short_name": "Swiss Re",
          "org_url": "https://www.swissre.com",
          "org_tier": 2,
          "document_title": "sigma 1/2024: Natural catastrophes in 2023",
          "document_url": "https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-01.html",
          "document_type": "press_release",
          "locator": "Spotlight on severe convective storms",
          "quote": "Most of the losses (85%) last year originated in the US, but losses are currently growing fastest in Europe, where they have topped USD 5 billion in each of the last three years, with hail storms the main driver.",
          "published_date": null,
          "accessed_at": "2026-09-15",
          "license": "see-source",
          "url_status": "ok"
        },
        "verification": "verified",
        "verified_by": "seed:auto-extract-v1",
        "verified_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z",
        "confidence": 0.9,
        "is_secondhand": false,
        "supersedes": null,
        "superseded_by": null,
        "is_current": true,
        "citation": {
          "apa": "Swiss Re Institute. (2023). sigma 1/2024: Natural catastrophes in 2023. Retrieved September 15, 2026, from https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-01.html. Via StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC8QWZRT4Z8E3V71M46",
          "bibtex": "@misc{swissre2023severev71m46,\n  author       = {{Swiss Re Institute}},\n  title        = {sigma 1/2024: Natural catastrophes in 2023},\n  year         = {2023},\n  howpublished = {StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org},\n  url          = {https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC8QWZRT4Z8E3V71M46},\n  note         = {Original source: https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-01.html. Accessed September 15, 2026.}\n}"
        },
        "updated_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z"
      },
      {
        "id": "stat_01M2KJ7XC8QWZRT4Z8E3V71M3W",
        "url": "https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC8QWZRT4Z8E3V71M3W",
        "indicator": {
          "slug": "social-inflation-rate",
          "name": "Social inflation rate",
          "definition": "The average annual rate of growth in insurance claims severity attributable to non-economic factors."
        },
        "industry": [
          {
            "slug": "insurance",
            "name": "Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security",
            "isic": "K65",
            "is_primary": true
          }
        ],
        "region": {
          "code": "US",
          "name": "United States",
          "type": "country"
        },
        "period": {
          "start": "2017-01-01",
          "end": "2022-12-31",
          "type": "year"
        },
        "value": 5.4,
        "value_text": "5.4%",
        "unit": "percent",
        "currency": null,
        "scale": "1",
        "value_type": "estimate",
        "source": {
          "org": "Swiss Re Institute",
          "org_short_name": "Swiss Re",
          "org_url": "https://www.swissre.com",
          "org_tier": 2,
          "document_title": "sigma 4/2024: Social inflation: litigation costs drive claims inflation",
          "document_url": "https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-04-social-inflation.html",
          "document_type": "press_release",
          "locator": "Social inflation: litigation costs drive claims inflation",
          "quote": "On average social inflation in the US rose by 5.4% annually during 2017-2022; economic inflation was 3.7%.",
          "published_date": null,
          "accessed_at": "2026-09-15",
          "license": "see-source",
          "url_status": "ok"
        },
        "verification": "verified",
        "verified_by": "seed:auto-extract-v1",
        "verified_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z",
        "confidence": 0.9,
        "is_secondhand": false,
        "supersedes": null,
        "superseded_by": null,
        "is_current": true,
        "citation": {
          "apa": "Swiss Re Institute. (2022). sigma 4/2024: Social inflation: litigation costs drive claims inflation. Retrieved September 15, 2026, from https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-04-social-inflation.html. Via StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC8QWZRT4Z8E3V71M3W",
          "bibtex": "@misc{swissre2022socialv71m3w,\n  author       = {{Swiss Re Institute}},\n  title        = {sigma 4/2024: Social inflation: litigation costs drive claims inflation},\n  year         = {2022},\n  howpublished = {StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org},\n  url          = {https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC8QWZRT4Z8E3V71M3W},\n  note         = {Original source: https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2024-04-social-inflation.html. Accessed September 15, 2026.}\n}"
        },
        "updated_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z"
      },
      {
        "id": "stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q63R",
        "url": "https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q63R",
        "indicator": {
          "slug": "total-insurance-protection-gap",
          "name": "Total insurance protection gap",
          "definition": "Uninsured portion of resources needed to fully mitigate risk across perils, measured in premium equivalent terms."
        },
        "industry": [
          {
            "slug": "insurance",
            "name": "Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security",
            "isic": "K65",
            "is_primary": true
          }
        ],
        "region": {
          "code": "GLOBAL",
          "name": "Global",
          "type": "world"
        },
        "period": {
          "start": "2023-01-01",
          "end": "2023-12-31",
          "type": "year"
        },
        "value": 1.83,
        "value_text": "USD 1.83 trillion",
        "unit": "USD",
        "currency": "USD",
        "scale": "trillion",
        "value_type": "estimate",
        "source": {
          "org": "Swiss Re Institute",
          "org_short_name": "Swiss Re",
          "org_url": "https://www.swissre.com",
          "org_tier": 2,
          "document_title": "sigma Resilience Index 2024: Encouraging resilience gains, but more is needed",
          "document_url": "https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/natural-catastrophe-insurance-global-resilience-index-2024.html",
          "document_type": "press_release",
          "locator": "Insurance resilience",
          "quote": "We estimate the global protection gap across perils reached a new high of USD 1.83 trillion in premium equivalent terms in 2023.",
          "published_date": null,
          "accessed_at": "2026-09-15",
          "license": "see-source",
          "url_status": "ok"
        },
        "verification": "verified",
        "verified_by": "seed:auto-extract-v1",
        "verified_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z",
        "confidence": 0.9,
        "is_secondhand": false,
        "supersedes": null,
        "superseded_by": null,
        "is_current": true,
        "citation": {
          "apa": "Swiss Re Institute. (2023). sigma Resilience Index 2024: Encouraging resilience gains, but more is needed. Retrieved September 15, 2026, from https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/natural-catastrophe-insurance-global-resilience-index-2024.html. Via StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q63R",
          "bibtex": "@misc{swissre2023insurancew6q63r,\n  author       = {{Swiss Re Institute}},\n  title        = {sigma Resilience Index 2024: Encouraging resilience gains, but more is needed},\n  year         = {2023},\n  howpublished = {StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org},\n  url          = {https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q63R},\n  note         = {Original source: https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/natural-catastrophe-insurance-global-resilience-index-2024.html. Accessed September 15, 2026.}\n}"
        },
        "updated_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z"
      },
      {
        "id": "stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q63T",
        "url": "https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q63T",
        "indicator": {
          "slug": "total-insurance-protection-gap",
          "name": "Total insurance protection gap",
          "definition": "Uninsured portion of resources needed to fully mitigate risk across perils, measured in premium equivalent terms."
        },
        "industry": [
          {
            "slug": "insurance",
            "name": "Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security",
            "isic": "K65",
            "is_primary": true
          }
        ],
        "region": {
          "code": "GLOBAL",
          "name": "Global",
          "type": "world"
        },
        "period": {
          "start": "2022-01-01",
          "end": "2022-12-31",
          "type": "year"
        },
        "value": 1.77,
        "value_text": "USD 1.77 trillion",
        "unit": "USD",
        "currency": "USD",
        "scale": "trillion",
        "value_type": "actual",
        "source": {
          "org": "Swiss Re Institute",
          "org_short_name": "Swiss Re",
          "org_url": "https://www.swissre.com",
          "org_tier": 2,
          "document_title": "sigma Resilience Index 2024: Encouraging resilience gains, but more is needed",
          "document_url": "https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/natural-catastrophe-insurance-global-resilience-index-2024.html",
          "document_type": "press_release",
          "locator": "Insurance resilience",
          "quote": "This is up by 3.1% in nominal terms from a restated USD 1.77 trillion in 2022.",
          "published_date": null,
          "accessed_at": "2026-09-15",
          "license": "see-source",
          "url_status": "ok"
        },
        "verification": "verified",
        "verified_by": "seed:auto-extract-v1",
        "verified_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z",
        "confidence": 0.9,
        "is_secondhand": false,
        "supersedes": null,
        "superseded_by": null,
        "is_current": true,
        "citation": {
          "apa": "Swiss Re Institute. (2022). sigma Resilience Index 2024: Encouraging resilience gains, but more is needed. Retrieved September 15, 2026, from https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/natural-catastrophe-insurance-global-resilience-index-2024.html. Via StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q63T",
          "bibtex": "@misc{swissre2022insurancew6q63t,\n  author       = {{Swiss Re Institute}},\n  title        = {sigma Resilience Index 2024: Encouraging resilience gains, but more is needed},\n  year         = {2022},\n  howpublished = {StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org},\n  url          = {https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q63T},\n  note         = {Original source: https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/natural-catastrophe-insurance-global-resilience-index-2024.html. Accessed September 15, 2026.}\n}"
        },
        "updated_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z"
      },
      {
        "id": "stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q63V",
        "url": "https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q63V",
        "indicator": {
          "slug": "total-insurance-protection-gap-compound-annual-nominal-growth-rate",
          "name": "Total insurance protection gap compound annual nominal growth rate",
          "definition": "Compound annual nominal growth rate of the total insurance protection gap across perils in premium equivalent terms."
        },
        "industry": [
          {
            "slug": "insurance",
            "name": "Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security",
            "isic": "K65",
            "is_primary": true
          }
        ],
        "region": {
          "code": "GLOBAL",
          "name": "Global",
          "type": "world"
        },
        "period": {
          "start": "2013-01-01",
          "end": "2023-12-31",
          "type": "year"
        },
        "value": 3.6,
        "value_text": "3.6%",
        "unit": "percent",
        "currency": null,
        "scale": "1",
        "value_type": "actual",
        "source": {
          "org": "Swiss Re Institute",
          "org_short_name": "Swiss Re",
          "org_url": "https://www.swissre.com",
          "org_tier": 2,
          "document_title": "sigma Resilience Index 2024: Encouraging resilience gains, but more is needed",
          "document_url": "https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/natural-catastrophe-insurance-global-resilience-index-2024.html",
          "document_type": "press_release",
          "locator": "Insurance resilience",
          "quote": "The global protection gap has grown by 3.6% annually in nominal terms since 2013, roughly matching nominal GDP growth trends.",
          "published_date": null,
          "accessed_at": "2026-09-15",
          "license": "see-source",
          "url_status": "ok"
        },
        "verification": "verified",
        "verified_by": "seed:auto-extract-v1",
        "verified_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z",
        "confidence": 0.9,
        "is_secondhand": false,
        "supersedes": null,
        "superseded_by": null,
        "is_current": true,
        "citation": {
          "apa": "Swiss Re Institute. (2023). sigma Resilience Index 2024: Encouraging resilience gains, but more is needed. Retrieved September 15, 2026, from https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/natural-catastrophe-insurance-global-resilience-index-2024.html. Via StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q63V",
          "bibtex": "@misc{swissre2023insurancew6q63v,\n  author       = {{Swiss Re Institute}},\n  title        = {sigma Resilience Index 2024: Encouraging resilience gains, but more is needed},\n  year         = {2023},\n  howpublished = {StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org},\n  url          = {https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q63V},\n  note         = {Original source: https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/natural-catastrophe-insurance-global-resilience-index-2024.html. Accessed September 15, 2026.}\n}"
        },
        "updated_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z"
      },
      {
        "id": "stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q63S",
        "url": "https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q63S",
        "indicator": {
          "slug": "total-insurance-protection-gap-nominal-growth-rate",
          "name": "Total insurance protection gap nominal growth rate",
          "definition": "Year-on-year nominal growth rate of the total insurance protection gap in premium equivalent terms."
        },
        "industry": [
          {
            "slug": "insurance",
            "name": "Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security",
            "isic": "K65",
            "is_primary": true
          }
        ],
        "region": {
          "code": "GLOBAL",
          "name": "Global",
          "type": "world"
        },
        "period": {
          "start": "2023-01-01",
          "end": "2023-12-31",
          "type": "year"
        },
        "value": 3.1,
        "value_text": "3.1%",
        "unit": "percent",
        "currency": null,
        "scale": "1",
        "value_type": "actual",
        "source": {
          "org": "Swiss Re Institute",
          "org_short_name": "Swiss Re",
          "org_url": "https://www.swissre.com",
          "org_tier": 2,
          "document_title": "sigma Resilience Index 2024: Encouraging resilience gains, but more is needed",
          "document_url": "https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/natural-catastrophe-insurance-global-resilience-index-2024.html",
          "document_type": "press_release",
          "locator": "Insurance resilience",
          "quote": "This is up by 3.1% in nominal terms from a restated USD 1.77 trillion in 2022.",
          "published_date": null,
          "accessed_at": "2026-09-15",
          "license": "see-source",
          "url_status": "ok"
        },
        "verification": "verified",
        "verified_by": "seed:auto-extract-v1",
        "verified_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z",
        "confidence": 0.9,
        "is_secondhand": false,
        "supersedes": null,
        "superseded_by": null,
        "is_current": true,
        "citation": {
          "apa": "Swiss Re Institute. (2023). sigma Resilience Index 2024: Encouraging resilience gains, but more is needed. Retrieved September 15, 2026, from https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/natural-catastrophe-insurance-global-resilience-index-2024.html. Via StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q63S",
          "bibtex": "@misc{swissre2023insurancew6q63s,\n  author       = {{Swiss Re Institute}},\n  title        = {sigma Resilience Index 2024: Encouraging resilience gains, but more is needed},\n  year         = {2023},\n  howpublished = {StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org},\n  url          = {https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC7C757DZQG3AW6Q63S},\n  note         = {Original source: https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/natural-catastrophe-insurance-global-resilience-index-2024.html. Accessed September 15, 2026.}\n}"
        },
        "updated_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z"
      },
      {
        "id": "stat_01M2KJ7XC8QWZRT4Z8E3V71M3P",
        "url": "https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC8QWZRT4Z8E3V71M3P",
        "indicator": {
          "slug": "traditional-reinsurance-capital",
          "name": "Traditional reinsurance capital",
          "definition": "Total capital deployed in the traditional reinsurance market."
        },
        "industry": [
          {
            "slug": "insurance",
            "name": "Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security",
            "isic": "K65",
            "is_primary": true
          }
        ],
        "region": {
          "code": "GLOBAL",
          "name": "Global",
          "type": "world"
        },
        "period": {
          "start": "2025-04-29",
          "end": "2025-04-29",
          "type": "point"
        },
        "value": 500,
        "value_text": "USD 500 billion",
        "unit": "USD",
        "currency": "USD",
        "scale": "billion",
        "value_type": "estimate",
        "source": {
          "org": "Swiss Re Institute",
          "org_short_name": "Swiss Re",
          "org_url": "https://www.swissre.com",
          "org_tier": 2,
          "document_title": "sigma 1/2025: Natural catastrophes: insured losses on trend to USD 145 billion in 2025",
          "document_url": "https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2025-01-natural-catastrophes-trend.html",
          "document_type": "press_release",
          "locator": "Figure 4: Global natural catastrophe insured losses, the trend and modelled 1-in-10 year (USD bn, 2024 prices)",
          "quote": "Global traditional reinsurance capital is currently estimated to be around USD 500 billion.",
          "published_date": null,
          "accessed_at": "2026-09-15",
          "license": "see-source",
          "url_status": "ok"
        },
        "verification": "verified",
        "verified_by": "seed:auto-extract-v1",
        "verified_at": "2026-09-15T22:15:46.809Z",
        "confidence": 0.9,
        "is_secondhand": false,
        "supersedes": null,
        "superseded_by": null,
        "is_current": true,
        "citation": {
          "apa": "Swiss Re Institute. (2025). sigma 1/2025: Natural catastrophes: insured losses on trend to USD 145 billion in 2025. Retrieved September 15, 2026, from https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2025-01-natural-catastrophes-trend.html. Via StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC8QWZRT4Z8E3V71M3P",
          "bibtex": "@misc{swissre2025traditionalv71m3p,\n  author       = {{Swiss Re Institute}},\n  title        = {sigma 1/2025: Natural catastrophes: insured losses on trend to USD 145 billion in 2025},\n  year         = {2025},\n  howpublished = {StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org},\n  url          = {https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC8QWZRT4Z8E3V71M3P},\n  note         = {Original source: https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2025-01-natural-catastrophes-trend.html. Accessed September 15, 2026.}\n}"
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          "slug": "uninsured-disaster-loss-share-annual",
          "name": "Uninsured disaster loss share (annual)",
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          {
            "slug": "insurance",
            "name": "Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security",
            "isic": "K65",
            "is_primary": true
          }
        ],
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          "code": "GLOBAL",
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        },
        "period": {
          "start": "2024-01-01",
          "end": "2024-12-31",
          "type": "year"
        },
        "value": 57,
        "value_text": "57%",
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        "scale": "1",
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          "org_short_name": "Swiss Re",
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          "document_title": "sigma 1/2025: Natural catastrophes: insured losses on trend to USD 145 billion in 2025",
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          "document_type": "press_release",
          "locator": "Figure 1: Natural catastrophes in 2024: in a nutshell",
          "quote": "Economic losses from disaster events in 2024 were USD 318 billion, of which 57% were uninsured.",
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          "accessed_at": "2026-09-15",
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          "apa": "Swiss Re Institute. (2024). sigma 1/2025: Natural catastrophes: insured losses on trend to USD 145 billion in 2025. Retrieved September 15, 2026, from https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2025-01-natural-catastrophes-trend.html. Via StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC8QWZRT4Z8E3V71M3K",
          "bibtex": "@misc{swissre2024uninsuredv71m3k,\n  author       = {{Swiss Re Institute}},\n  title        = {sigma 1/2025: Natural catastrophes: insured losses on trend to USD 145 billion in 2025},\n  year         = {2024},\n  howpublished = {StatOrigin, https://statorigin.org},\n  url          = {https://statorigin.org/stat/stat_01M2KJ7XC8QWZRT4Z8E3V71M3K},\n  note         = {Original source: https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research/sigma-2025-01-natural-catastrophes-trend.html. Accessed September 15, 2026.}\n}"
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