| Alzheimer's disease drug trial starts | 269 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 21 |
| Antibody-drug conjugate trial starts | 1,225 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 21 |
| Autoimmune cell therapy and T-cell engager trial starts | 300 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 21 |
| Cardiometabolic RNA and next-generation lipid drug trial starts | 128 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 21 |
| Gene editing trial starts | 133 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 21 |
| GLP-1, incretin multi-agonist and amylin trial starts | 798 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 21 |
| Inflammatory bowel disease drug trial starts | 373 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 21 |
| KRAS and RAS inhibitor trial starts | 226 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 21 |
| Oncology bispecific antibody trial starts | 985 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 21 |
| Radioligand therapy trial starts | 291 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 21 |
| Phase I small molecule clinical trial share | 62% | Global, 2025 | 6 |
| Large company small molecule share of Phase I clinical trial starts | 66% | Global, 2025 | 4 |
| Cell and gene therapy clinical trial starts | 631 | Global, 2023 | 2 |
| Oncology clinical trial starts growth rate | -4% | Global, 2025 | 2 |
| Phase I immunology clinical trial starts growth rate | -13% | Global, 2025 | 2 |
| Phase II immunology clinical trial starts growth rate | 14% | Global, 2025 | 2 |
| Phase II oncology clinical trial starts growth rate | 3% | Global, 2025 | 2 |
| Phase III immunology clinical trial starts growth rate | -4% | Global, 2025 | 2 |
| Phase III oncology clinical trial starts growth rate | 4% | Global, 2025 | 2 |
| Antibody-drug conjugate trial starts since 2023: Breast cancer | 315 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| Antibody-drug conjugate trial starts since 2023: Gastric or oesophageal cancer | 121 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| Antibody-drug conjugate trial starts since 2023: Lung cancer | 193 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| Antibody-drug conjugate trial starts since 2023: Lymphoma | 119 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| Antibody-drug conjugate trial starts since 2023: Ovarian, cervical or endometrial cancer | 195 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| Antibody-drug conjugate trial starts since 2023: Urothelial or bladder cancer | 116 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| Autoimmune cell therapy and T-cell engager trial starts since 2023: Immune thrombocytopenia or autoimmune haemolytic anaemia | 26 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| Autoimmune cell therapy and T-cell engager trial starts since 2023: Multiple sclerosis | 25 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| Autoimmune cell therapy and T-cell engager trial starts since 2023: Myasthenia gravis | 29 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| Autoimmune cell therapy and T-cell engager trial starts since 2023: Systemic lupus erythematosus / lupus nephritis | 147 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| Autoimmune cell therapy and T-cell engager trial starts since 2023: Systemic sclerosis | 68 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| Autoimmune cell therapy and T-cell engager trial starts since 2023: Vasculitis | 39 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| Gene editing trial starts since 2023: Cancer | 36 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| Gene editing trial starts since 2023: Inherited eye disease | 5 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| Gene editing trial starts since 2023: Inherited liver and metabolic disease | 17 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| Gene editing trial starts since 2023: Sickle cell disease or beta-thalassaemia | 18 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| GLP-1, incretin multi-agonist and amylin trial starts since 2023: Alcohol or substance use | 31 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| GLP-1, incretin multi-agonist and amylin trial starts since 2023: Chronic kidney disease | 21 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| GLP-1, incretin multi-agonist and amylin trial starts since 2023: Heart failure or cardiovascular disease | 73 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| GLP-1, incretin multi-agonist and amylin trial starts since 2023: MASH / NASH | 33 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| GLP-1, incretin multi-agonist and amylin trial starts since 2023: Obesity or overweight | 468 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| GLP-1, incretin multi-agonist and amylin trial starts since 2023: Type 2 diabetes | 228 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| Inflammatory bowel disease drug trial starts since 2023: Crohn's disease | 154 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| Inflammatory bowel disease drug trial starts since 2023: Ulcerative colitis | 224 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| KRAS and RAS inhibitor trial starts since 2023: Advanced solid tumours (basket) | 89 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| KRAS and RAS inhibitor trial starts since 2023: Colorectal cancer | 55 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| KRAS and RAS inhibitor trial starts since 2023: Non-small cell lung cancer | 93 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| KRAS and RAS inhibitor trial starts since 2023: Pancreatic cancer | 79 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| Oncology bispecific antibody trial starts since 2023: Breast cancer | 51 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| Oncology bispecific antibody trial starts since 2023: Gastric, oesophageal or colorectal cancer | 156 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| Oncology bispecific antibody trial starts since 2023: Liver or biliary cancer | 60 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| Oncology bispecific antibody trial starts since 2023: Lung cancer | 194 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| Oncology bispecific antibody trial starts since 2023: Lymphoma | 184 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| Oncology bispecific antibody trial starts since 2023: Multiple myeloma | 132 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| Oncology clinical trial starts | 2,162 | Global, 2024 | 1 |
| Oncology share of all clinical trials | 41% | Global, 2024 | 1 |
| Radioligand therapy trial starts since 2023: Breast cancer | 25 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| Radioligand therapy trial starts since 2023: Kidney cancer | 13 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| Radioligand therapy trial starts since 2023: Lung cancer | 25 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| Radioligand therapy trial starts since 2023: Neuroendocrine tumours | 49 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| Radioligand therapy trial starts since 2023: Prostate cancer | 145 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| Trial starts since 2023: Actinium-225 agents (alpha) | 48 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| Trial starts since 2023: Adagrasib (G12C) | 25 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| Trial starts since 2023: Agitation and psychosis in Alzheimer's | 7 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| Trial starts since 2023: Allogeneic or universal | 72 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| Trial starts since 2023: Amivantamab (EGFR x MET) | 32 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| Trial starts since 2023: Amycretin | 22 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| Trial starts since 2023: ANGPTL3 (zodasiran, solbinsiran) | 4 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| Trial starts since 2023: Anti-amyloid antibodies (all) | 21 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| Trial starts since 2023: Anti-integrin (vedolizumab and others) | 24 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| Trial starts since 2023: Anti-TL1A antibodies | 21 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| Trial starts since 2023: APOC3 (olezarsen, plozasiran) | 7 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| Trial starts since 2023: Base editing | 35 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| Trial starts since 2023: BCMA x CD3 T-cell engagers | 99 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| Trial starts since 2023: BCMA-directed | 96 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| Trial starts since 2023: BL-B01D1 (EGFR x HER3 bispecific ADC) | 55 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| Trial starts since 2023: Cadonilimab (PD-1 x CTLA-4) | 184 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| Trial starts since 2023: CagriSema / cagrilintide | 41 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| Trial starts since 2023: CAR-NK | 25 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| Trial starts since 2023: CD19-directed | 195 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| Trial starts since 2023: CD20 x CD3 T-cell engagers | 142 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| Trial starts since 2023: Daraxonrasib (pan-RAS) | 15 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| Trial starts since 2023: Datopotamab deruxtecan (TROP2) | 29 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| Trial starts since 2023: Disitamab vedotin (HER2) | 120 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| Trial starts since 2023: Divarasib (G12C) | 8 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| Trial starts since 2023: Donanemab | 8 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| Trial starts since 2023: Enfortumab vedotin (Nectin-4) | 60 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| Trial starts since 2023: Ex vivo edited stem cells (sickle cell, thalassaemia) | 18 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| Trial starts since 2023: Garsorasib, fulzerasib and glecirasib (G12C) | 31 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| Trial starts since 2023: Gene-edited CAR-T or TCR-T | 42 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| Trial starts since 2023: GLP-1 receptor agonists | 5 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| Trial starts since 2023: IL-23 p19 antibodies | 42 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| Trial starts since 2023: In vivo liver editing (LNP) | 10 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| Trial starts since 2023: Inclisiran (PCSK9 siRNA) | 32 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| Trial starts since 2023: Ivonescimab (PD-1 x VEGF) | 153 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| Trial starts since 2023: JAK inhibitors | 20 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| Trial starts since 2023: KRAS G12D-directed agents (inhibitors, degraders, vaccines, cell therapies) | 90 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| Trial starts since 2023: Lead-212 agents (alpha) | 11 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| Trial starts since 2023: Lecanemab | 9 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| Trial starts since 2023: Lp(a) lowering (olpasiran, lepodisiran, zerlasiran, pelacarsen, muvalaplin) | 14 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| Trial starts since 2023: Lutetium-177 agents | 222 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| Trial starts since 2023: MariTide | 25 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| Trial starts since 2023: Mazdutide | 31 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| Trial starts since 2023: Obefazimod | 3 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| Trial starts since 2023: Obicetrapib (CETP) | 13 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| Trial starts since 2023: Olomorasib (G12C) | 14 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| Trial starts since 2023: Oral IL-23 receptor peptide (icotrokinra) | 3 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| Trial starts since 2023: Oral PCSK9 inhibitors (enlicitide, AZD0780) | 45 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| Trial starts since 2023: Orforglipron | 39 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| Trial starts since 2023: PD-(L)1 x VEGF bispecifics (all) | 204 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| Trial starts since 2023: PSMA-targeted | 98 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| Trial starts since 2023: Pumitamig / BNT327 (PD-L1 x VEGF) | 36 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| Trial starts since 2023: Radium-223 | 8 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| Trial starts since 2023: Retatrutide | 25 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| Trial starts since 2023: S1P modulators | 6 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| Trial starts since 2023: Sacituzumab govitecan (TROP2) | 98 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| Trial starts since 2023: Sacituzumab tirumotecan (TROP2) | 105 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| Trial starts since 2023: Semaglutide | 365 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| Trial starts since 2023: SHR-A1811 / trastuzumab rezetecan (HER2) | 109 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| Trial starts since 2023: Somatostatin-receptor-targeted | 45 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| Trial starts since 2023: Sotorasib (G12C) | 28 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| Trial starts since 2023: T-cell engagers | 17 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| Trial starts since 2023: Tarlatamab (DLL3 x CD3) | 30 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| Trial starts since 2023: Tau-targeted therapies | 6 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| Trial starts since 2023: Tirzepatide | 184 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| Trial starts since 2023: Trastuzumab deruxtecan (HER2) | 139 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| Trial starts since 2023: Trontinemab (brain shuttle) | 2 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |
| Trial starts since 2023: TTR silencers (vutrisiran, patisiran, eplontersen, nucresiran) | 6 | Global, 1 Jan 2023 to 27 Sep 2026 | 1 |