Key findings
- ClinicalTrials.gov lists 322 1 interventional studies of KRAS or RAS inhibitors; 217 2 are active and 36 3 are Phase 3.
- 226 4 started between January 2023 and September 2026: 116 5 with a US site and 91 6 with a China site.
- Revolution Medicines' pan-RAS inhibitor daraxonrasib appears in 15 7 new studies. KRAS G12D-directed programmes appear in 90 8.
- Pancreatic cancer (79 9 new studies) is catching up with non-small cell lung cancer (93 10).
Momentum: tripled, then held
Trial starts went from 13 11 in 2020 to 37 12 in 2022 and 60 13 in 2024, then 56 14 in 2025. The plateau reflects a change of mix rather than a loss of interest: early G12C monotherapy studies are finishing while fewer, larger combination and first-line trials start.
The field is US-centred and industry-led. Studies with a US site went from 11 15 in 2020 to 24 16 in 2025. Studies with a China site rose from 1 17 to 24 18, as Chinese developers such as InventisBio, Genfleet with Innovent, Jacobio and Hengrui brought their own inhibitors into the clinic.
KRAS trial starts tripled from 2020 to 2024 and have held there
Interventional KRAS and RAS inhibitor studies by start year; a study with sites in both countries counts in both lines
View the underlying data
| Series | Period | Type | Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| All studies | 2025 | Actual | 56 |
| All studies | 2024 | Actual | 60 |
| All studies | 2023 | Actual | 44 |
| All studies | 2022 | Actual | 37 |
| All studies | 2021 | Actual | 23 |
| All studies | 2020 | Actual | 13 |
| With a US site | 2025 | Actual | 24 |
| With a US site | 2024 | Actual | 34 |
| With a US site | 2023 | Actual | 25 |
| With a US site | 2022 | Actual | 22 |
| With a US site | 2021 | Actual | 20 |
| With a US site | 2020 | Actual | 11 |
| With a China site | 2025 | Actual | 24 |
| With a China site | 2024 | Actual | 25 |
| With a China site | 2023 | Actual | 16 |
| With a China site | 2022 | Actual | 11 |
| With a China site | 2021 | Actual | 8 |
| With a China site | 2020 | Actual | 1 |
Live registry counts retrieved 2026-09-27. Studies registered only outside ClinicalTrials.gov, including many China-only trials, are not counted.
Competitive landscape
Among studies started since 2023, KRAS G12D-directed programmes lead with 90 8. That group includes selective inhibitors (zoldonrasib, HRS-4642, INCB161734), a degrader (setidegrasib) and G12D-targeted vaccines and T-cell therapies.
The approved G12C drugs are now mostly in combination studies: sotorasib appears in 28 29 new studies and adagrasib in 25 30. Chinese G12C inhibitors, garsorasib, fulzerasib and glecirasib, appear in 31 31. Next-generation G12C drugs designed for deeper target coverage include Lilly's olomorasib (14 32) and Roche's divarasib (8 33).
Revolution Medicines' daraxonrasib (15 7) inhibits the active, GTP-bound form of RAS across mutations. Its Phase 3 programmes in pancreatic and lung cancer are the most-watched readouts in the category.
G12D-directed programmes now outnumber any single G12C drug
Interventional studies started since January 2023, by asset or class; a study can count in more than one bar
View the underlying data
| Category | Source | Type | Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| KRAS G12D-directed agents (inhibitors, degraders, vaccines, cell therapies) | ClinicalTrials.gov | Actual | 90 |
| Garsorasib, fulzerasib and glecirasib (G12C) | ClinicalTrials.gov | Actual | 31 |
| Sotorasib (G12C) | ClinicalTrials.gov | Actual | 28 |
| Adagrasib (G12C) | ClinicalTrials.gov | Actual | 25 |
| Daraxonrasib (pan-RAS) | ClinicalTrials.gov | Actual | 15 |
| Olomorasib (G12C) | ClinicalTrials.gov | Actual | 14 |
| Divarasib (G12C) | ClinicalTrials.gov | Actual | 8 |
Live registry counts retrieved 2026-09-27. Name and code matching can miss studies registered under other identifiers.
Indications: lung first, pancreas next
Non-small cell lung cancer is listed in 93 10 studies started since 2023, and pancreatic cancer in 79 9. Basket studies in advanced solid tumours account for 89 34 and colorectal cancer for 55 35.
Pancreatic cancer matters because the large majority of cases carry a KRAS mutation, most often G12D or G12V rather than G12C. Several first-line Phase 3 trials started in 2026 compare RAS inhibitors, alone or with chemotherapy, with gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel. They include daraxonrasib, zoldonrasib, setidegrasib and INCB161734.
Lung cancer leads, but pancreatic cancer is the new battleground
Interventional studies started since January 2023, by condition; a study can count in more than one bar
View the underlying data
| Category | Source | Type | Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Non-small cell lung cancer | ClinicalTrials.gov | Actual | 93 |
| Advanced solid tumours (basket) | ClinicalTrials.gov | Actual | 89 |
| Pancreatic cancer | ClinicalTrials.gov | Actual | 79 |
| Colorectal cancer | ClinicalTrials.gov | Actual | 55 |
Live registry counts retrieved 2026-09-27. Name and code matching can miss studies registered under other identifiers.
Approvals
- Lumakras (sotorasib), approved 28 May 2021 (NDA 214665)
- Krazati (adagrasib), 12 December 2022 (NDA 216340)
China's regulator has also approved domestic G12C inhibitors in previously treated lung cancer: fulzerasib in August 2024 (GenFleet) and garsorasib in November 2024 (InventisBio). G12C drugs gave only modest benefit as single agents in lung cancer, which is why the field moved to combinations and to broader RAS coverage.
What it means for founders and R&D teams
- Another G12C inhibitor is hard to justify. At least seven are in the clinic and two are approved in the US. New value is in G12D, G12V and pan-RAS chemistry and in degraders.
- Resistance biology is the opening. Adaptive resistance through upstream receptor signalling and secondary RAS mutations limits every inhibitor so far. Rational combinations, such as SHP2, SOS1, EGFR or immunotherapy partners, and drugs that hit the active RAS state are where smaller teams can differentiate.
- Pancreatic cancer changes the economics. It is hard to treat and has few options, so a real survival benefit would be both commercially large and fast to approve. It also means fragile patients and trials that fail often.
- Expect big-company competition and deal flow. 116 5 of the studies started since 2023 have a US site and most are industry-sponsored. Licensing Chinese G12D and pan-RAS chemistry is an active deal area.
Methodology and limitations
Every trial count is the totalCount of one ClinicalTrials.gov API v2 query, retrieved on 26 September 2026. Each numbered citation opens a record whose source link re-runs the query. The track includes interventional studies whose record names a KRAS or RAS inhibitor by drug name, development code or class phrase.
The G12D bar matches intervention names containing "G12D" and so includes vaccines and cell therapies, not only small molecules. Site-country counts overlap and China-only registrations are missing. Approval dates come from Drugs@FDA.
Approved, Phase 3 and Phase 2 drugs
The named drugs in this report by their furthest stage: US approval from Drugs@FDA, phase from ClinicalTrials.gov. Sort any column or download CSV; each date and trial number links to its source. Every approved KRAS inhibitor, not only the ones named here: FDA-approved KRAS inhibitors.
| Drug | Stage | First FDA approval | Latest trial at that stage | Trial start | Trial |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adagrasib (G12C) | Approved | 12 Dec 2022 Krazati · NDA 216340 | NCT06875310 Phase 3 · Recruiting | 24 Apr 2025 | A Study of Adagrasib Plus Pembrolizumab Plus Chemotherapy vs. Placebo Plus Pembrolizumab Plus Chemotherapy in Participants With Previously Untreated Non-squamous Non-small Cell Lung Cancer With KRAS G12C Mutation (KRYSTAL-4) |
| Daraxonrasib (pan-RAS) | Approved | 26 Aug 2026 Rasonque · NDA 220910 | NCT07805954 Phase 3 · Recruiting | 28 Aug 2026 | Study of Zoldonrasib (RMC-9805) Plus Daraxonrasib (RMC-6236) Versus Gemcitabine and Nab-Paclitaxel as First-Line Treatment in Metastatic KRAS G12D-Mutated Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma |
| Sotorasib (G12C) | Approved | 28 May 2021 Lumakras · NDA 214665 | NCT06497556 Phase 3 · Active, not recruiting | 23 Sep 2024 | A Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Divarasib Versus Sotorasib or Adagrasib in Participants With Previously Treated KRAS G12C-positive Advanced or Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer |
| Divarasib (G12C) | Phase 3 | Not FDA approved | NCT07541170 Phase 3 · Recruiting | 30 Sep 2026 | A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Divarasib Compared With Investigator's Choice of Immunotherapy or Observation in Participants With Resected Stage II-III KRAS G12C-Positive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) |
| Fulzerasib (G12C) | Phase 3 | Not FDA approved | NCT07601048 Phase 3 · Not yet recruiting | Jun 2026 | A Trial of HRS-7058 in Advanced or Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Who Have Failed Standard Treatment |
| Garsorasib (G12C) | Phase 3 | Not FDA approved | NCT07174908 Phase 3 · Recruiting | 10 Sep 2025 | A Phase 3 Study of IN10018 in Combination With D-1553 Versus Standard Therapy for First Line Non-squamous Non-small Cell Lung Cancer With KRAS G12C Mutation |
| Glecirasib (G12C) | Phase 3 | Not FDA approved | NCT06416410 Phase 3 · Recruiting | 7 Aug 2024 | JAB-21822 Combined With JAB-3312 Compared SOC in the First Line for Treatment of Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer With KRAS p.G12C Mutation |
| Olomorasib (G12C) | Phase 3 | Not FDA approved | NCT06890598 Phase 3 · Recruiting | 27 Mar 2025 | Study of Olomorasib (LY3537982) in Combination With Standard of Care in Participants With Resected or Unresectable KRAS G12C-mutant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer |
| Zoldonrasib (G12D) | Phase 3 | Not FDA approved | NCT07805954 Phase 3 · Recruiting | 28 Aug 2026 | Study of Zoldonrasib (RMC-9805) Plus Daraxonrasib (RMC-6236) Versus Gemcitabine and Nab-Paclitaxel as First-Line Treatment in Metastatic KRAS G12D-Mutated Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma |
| Elironrasib (G12C) | Phase 2 | Not FDA approved | NCT06128551 Phase 1/2 · Recruiting | 14 Nov 2023 | Study of Elironrasib and Daraxonrasib as Monotherapies and Combination Therapy in Participants With Advanced KRAS G12C Mutant Solid Tumors |
How this report is checked
Every figure is a count from ClinicalTrials.gov, the US National Library of Medicine's trial registry. Each links to a StatOrigin record that keeps the exact query, so anyone can run it again; how the counts are made and what they leave out is set out under Methodology and limitations above.
The development-stage table
Checked on 4 October 2026. A drug's US approval is the original approval of its first new drug application or biologics licence application in Drugs@FDA, read through the FDA's openFDA service, with the FDA approval letter where Drugs@FDA links one. Cell and gene therapies are licensed by a different FDA centre (CBER) and are not in Drugs@FDA; an approval for one of them is shown only where it was checked by hand against the FDA's product page. Approvals outside the United States — by the European Medicines Agency or China's NMPA, for example — are not shown. The phase is the highest phase among the drug's interventional ClinicalTrials.gov records. The trial shown is the most recently started one at that phase whose title names the drug, or, where none does, the most recently started one that lists it.
Writing and review
Written by StatOrigin editorial with AI assistance. Each count is checked automatically against the registry's own response before it is published. No named clinical reviewer has checked this report yet. Report an error through the corrections page.
Not medical advice
This report describes research activity and regulatory status. It is not medical advice and does not say whether any medicine is safe or effective for any person. Trial activity is not evidence that a drug works. Decisions about treatment belong with a qualified health professional; for what a medicine is approved to treat, read its current FDA label.
Data behind this report
The industry hubs and indicator series these figures come from. Each page carries the full table, every source and the records this report does not quote.
Industry hubs
Indicator series
- KRAS and RAS inhibitor trial starts 21
- Active KRAS and RAS inhibitor trials 1
- KRAS and RAS inhibitor trial starts since 2023: Advanced solid tumours (basket) 1
- KRAS and RAS inhibitor trial starts since 2023: Colorectal cancer 1
- KRAS and RAS inhibitor trial starts since 2023: Non-small cell lung cancer 1
- KRAS and RAS inhibitor trial starts since 2023: Pancreatic cancer 1
- Phase 3 KRAS and RAS inhibitor trials 1
- Registered interventional KRAS and RAS inhibitor trials 1
- Trial starts since 2023: Adagrasib (G12C) 1
- Trial starts since 2023: Daraxonrasib (pan-RAS) 1
- Trial starts since 2023: Divarasib (G12C) 1
- Trial starts since 2023: Garsorasib, fulzerasib and glecirasib (G12C) 1
- Trial starts since 2023: KRAS G12D-directed agents (inhibitors, degraders, vaccines, cell therapies) 1
- Trial starts since 2023: Olomorasib (G12C) 1
- Trial starts since 2023: Sotorasib (G12C) 1
Sources
Every figure in this report is a published StatOrigin record. The table lists the 35 cited statistics. Sort any column or download CSV. Open a record for APA, MLA, Chicago or BibTeX.
Cite this report
StatOrigin. (2026). KRAS and RAS inhibitors: after G12C, the race moves to G12D and pan-RAS. https://statorigin.org/reports/kras-ras-inhibitor-pipeline-2026
Prefer citing the underlying statistic when you only need one figure. Published 26 September 2026 · updated 27 September 2026. Data licence: CC BY 4.0.