Ranking · 191 countries · 2024

Carbon intensity of electricity by country (2024) · Page 3

Turkmenistan had the highest carbon intensity of electricity in 2024, at 1,306.3 gCO2e/kWh, followed by Uzbekistan (1,040.1 gCO2e/kWh) and Kosovo (924.4 gCO2e/kWh). The ranking compares 191 countries on 2024 figures from Ember. Ethiopia ranked last of the 191, at 23.4 gCO2e/kWh.

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5,090 verified figures Updated 4 Oct 2026 Sources typically refresh annually

How this ranking is built. Indicator: Carbon intensity of electricity generation · Topic: Carbon intensity of electricity · Industry: Electricity and Gas Utilities · Period: 2024. Only verified actual figures and estimates for that one period are ranked, so every row is comparable; forecasts are not ranked, and world or regional totals are shown as reference, not ranked. Countries are ranked highest carbon intensity first, so the cleanest grids appear at the bottom. Every row uses the same calendar year so ranks are comparable; a later year published for some countries is left out of the rank rather than mixed into the table. Ember reports gCO2/kWh; this series is stored as gCO2e/kWh. Only Ember’s yearly electricity data is ranked: the IEA publishes a different global figure for the same indicator and is not mixed into the table. 10 other countries have data only for other periods and are omitted.

Visualised

Ranked chart

Carbon intensity of electricity generation by country

2024 · 12 highest of 191 countries

Estimates are included; each record's type is listed below.

Carbon intensity of electricity generation by countrySelected latest values by region. Periods are labelled individually. Bars start at zero; source records and value types are in the table below.Turkmenistan · 20241,306.3 gCO2e/kWhUzbekistan · 20241,040.1 gCO2e/kWhKosovo · 2024924.4 gCO2e/kWhBahrain · 2024902.2 gCO2e/kWhBrunei · 2024892.1 gCO2e/kWhBotswana · 2024851.3 gCO2e/kWhLibya · 2024826.8 gCO2e/kWhMongolia · 2024817.5 gCO2e/kWhKazakhstan · 2024801.9 gCO2e/kWhSouth Africa · 2024717.7 gCO2e/kWhCongo · 2024716.1 gCO2e/kWhIndia · 2024706.7 gCO2e/kWh
View the underlying data
Carbon intensity of electricity generation by country
RegionPeriodSourceTypeValue
Turkmenistan2024EmberEstimate1,306.3 gCO2e/kWh
Uzbekistan2024EmberEstimate1,040.1 gCO2e/kWh
Kosovo2024EmberEstimate924.4 gCO2e/kWh
Bahrain2024EmberEstimate902.2 gCO2e/kWh
Brunei2024EmberEstimate892.1 gCO2e/kWh
Botswana2024EmberEstimate851.3 gCO2e/kWh
Libya2024EmberEstimate826.8 gCO2e/kWh
Mongolia2024EmberEstimate817.5 gCO2e/kWh
Kazakhstan2024EmberEstimate801.9 gCO2e/kWh
South Africa2024EmberEstimate717.7 gCO2e/kWh
Congo2024EmberEstimate716.1 gCO2e/kWh
India2024EmberEstimate706.7 gCO2e/kWh
Source: Ember · gCO2e/kWh · CC BY 4.0 · statorigin.org

The table

Country ranking

Rank · country · value · change on the same period a year earlier · source. Values in gCO2e/kWh.

Ranks 101–150 of 191 countries. Page 3 of 4.

# Country Value YoY Period Source
101 Russia RU 446.1 gCO2e/kWh estimate +0.7% 2024 Ember
102 Madagascar MG 432.1 gCO2e/kWh estimate +2.1% 2024 Ember
103 French Polynesia PF 430.6 gCO2e/kWh estimate -1.4% 2024 Ember
104 Togo TG 422.5 gCO2e/kWh estimate -3.2% 2024 Ember
105 Montenegro ME 422.1 gCO2e/kWh estimate +2.8% 2024 Ember
106 South Korea KR 415.6 gCO2e/kWh estimate -2.7% 2024 Ember
107 Czechia CZ 414.2 gCO2e/kWh estimate -6.4% 2024 Ember
108 Palestine PS 414.1 gCO2e/kWh estimate -2.2% 2024 Ember
109 Cote d'Ivoire CI 405 gCO2e/kWh estimate +1.5% 2024 Ember
110 Lebanon LB 389.5 gCO2e/kWh estimate -13.3% 2024 Ember
111 Zimbabwe ZW 384 gCO2e/kWh estimate -2.1% 2024 Ember
112 United States US 383.8 gCO2e/kWh estimate -2.3% 2024 Ember
113 Sri Lanka LK 375.7 gCO2e/kWh estimate -10.0% 2024 Ember
114 Samoa WS 375 gCO2e/kWh estimate -6.3% 2024 Ember
115 Rwanda RW 354 gCO2e/kWh estimate -0.2% 2024 Ember
116 Tanzania TZ 345 gCO2e/kWh estimate -7.4% 2024 Ember
117 Argentina AR 344.8 gCO2e/kWh estimate -1.7% 2024 Ember
118 Estonia EE 343.4 gCO2e/kWh estimate -13.2% 2024 Ember
119 North Korea KP 340.6 gCO2e/kWh estimate -1.6% 2024 Ember
120 Germany DE 337.1 gCO2e/kWh estimate -7.3% 2024 Ember
121 Pakistan PK 335.6 gCO2e/kWh estimate -3.8% 2024 Ember
122 Belarus BY 329.6 gCO2e/kWh estimate -8.4% 2024 Ember
123 Honduras HN 322.1 gCO2e/kWh estimate -1.9% 2024 Ember
124 Suriname SR 321.8 gCO2e/kWh estimate +1.2% 2024 Ember
125 Greece GR 321.8 gCO2e/kWh estimate -4.4% 2024 Ember
126 Liberia LR 315.8 gCO2e/kWh estimate +7.0% 2024 Ember
127 Guatemala GT 301.5 gCO2e/kWh estimate -2.7% 2024 Ember
128 Nicaragua NI 300.9 gCO2e/kWh estimate +0.0% 2024 Ember
129 Colombia CO 298.3 gCO2e/kWh estimate +15.5% 2024 Ember
130 Italy IT 281.4 gCO2e/kWh estimate -13.0% 2024 Ember
131 Bulgaria BG 278.9 gCO2e/kWh estimate -17.6% 2024 Ember
132 Fiji FJ 278.3 gCO2e/kWh estimate +0.0% 2024 Ember
133 Ireland IE 270.9 gCO2e/kWh estimate -4.1% 2024 Ember
134 Chile CL 260.9 gCO2e/kWh estimate -14.4% 2024 Ember
135 Romania RO 259.7 gCO2e/kWh estimate +6.8% 2024 Ember
136 Peru PE 258.7 gCO2e/kWh estimate -11.3% 2024 Ember
137 Netherlands NL 250.7 gCO2e/kWh estimate -6.5% 2024 Ember
138 Armenia AM 240.3 gCO2e/kWh estimate -8.4% 2024 Ember
139 Laos LA 232.1 gCO2e/kWh estimate -0.0% 2024 Ember
140 Slovenia SI 230.4 gCO2e/kWh estimate +2.4% 2024 Ember
141 Cameroon CM 225.9 gCO2e/kWh estimate +0.7% 2024 Ember
142 Panama PA 221.2 gCO2e/kWh estimate -16.9% 2024 Ember
143 United Kingdom GB 216.5 gCO2e/kWh estimate -8.1% 2024 Ember
144 Ecuador EC 203.6 gCO2e/kWh estimate +4.2% 2024 Ember
145 Canada CA 185.4 gCO2e/kWh estimate +6.3% 2024 Ember
146 Angola AO 185.4 gCO2e/kWh estimate +1.0% 2024 Ember
147 Hungary HU 184.5 gCO2e/kWh estimate -5.9% 2024 Ember
148 Burundi BI 183.7 gCO2e/kWh estimate +2.0% 2024 Ember
149 Guinea GN 181.1 gCO2e/kWh estimate -2.1% 2024 Ember
150 Croatia HR 170.7 gCO2e/kWh estimate -12.4% 2024 Ember

Frequently asked questions

Which country has the highest carbon intensity of electricity?

Turkmenistan, at 1,306.3 gCO2e/kWh in 2024, ahead of Uzbekistan (1,040.1 gCO2e/kWh) and Kosovo (924.4 gCO2e/kWh), among 191 countries ranked on 2024 figures from Ember.

Which country has the lowest carbon intensity of electricity?

Ethiopia, at 23.4 gCO2e/kWh in 2024, then Bhutan (23.6 gCO2e/kWh).

What does this ranking measure?

Emissions intensity of electricity generation, measured as greenhouse gas emissions in carbon dioxide equivalent (gCO2e) per kilowatt-hour of electricity generated.

Which countries are included?

191 countries with 2024 figures: Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kosovo, Bahrain, Brunei, Botswana, Libya, Mongolia, Kazakhstan, South Africa, Congo and India and 179 more. 10 other countries published figures only for other periods and are left out, so every row compares the same period.

Where does the data come from?

From Ember. Every value links to its record, which quotes the table or sentence it was read from. Actual figures and published estimates are ranked; forecasts are left out.

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Cite this ranking

Published under CC BY 4.0.

StatOrigin. (2026). Carbon intensity of electricity by country, 2024. Retrieved from https://statorigin.org/rankings/carbon-intensity-of-electricity-by-country/page/3